Real-rooted atlas

A003506 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-4 - 5\,x - x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-5\,x - 2\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}'(x) + \left(-x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}''(x) + \left(4 + 2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6Pn(1)
00
111
2426
31215330
43276364148
580325275705755
61921266171075012064044
74484655945763701715189722841

All 15 rows

Technical details
Node id
n-fea97fcbe0a965c8 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-b5f1389370a379f1

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:    0;
  1:    1;
  2:    4,     2;
  3:   12,    15,      3;
  4:   32,    76,     36,      4;
  5:   80,   325,    275,     70,      5;
  6:  192,  1266,   1710,    750,    120,     6;
  7:  448,  4655,   9457,   6370,   1715,   189,    7;
  8: 1024, 16472,  48552,  47208,  19040,  3472,  280,   8;
  9: 2304, 56745, 237015, 320166, 181629, 48762, 6426, 396, 9;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(4+5*x+x^2)*P(n-2,x) - (5*x+2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-2,x) - x^2*d^2/dx^2 P(n-2,x) + (4+2*x)*P(n-1,x) + 2*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(4 + 5*x + x^2)*P[n - 2, x] - (5*x + 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] - x^2*D[P[n - 2, x], {x, 2}] + (4 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 2*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(4 + 5*x + x^2)*v[i - 2] - (5*x + 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) - x^2*deriv(deriv(v[i - 2], x), x) + (4 + 2*x)*v[i - 1] + 2*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

Same fingerprint ?

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  8. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.