A085880 → x ↦ x+1

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-12 - 6\,x + 8\,n + 4\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
111
2213
388218
44060305135
5224448336112141134
613443360336016804204210206
784482534431680211207920158413296228
854912192192288288240240120120360366006429938223
936608014643202562560256256016016006406401601602288014309382230
102489344112020482240409626138112196035849801792326726470012887516486295698746
1117199104859955201934899202579865602257382401354429445643456016124160302328033592016796991787004
121203937286621655041655413760248312064024831206401738184448869092224310390080775975201293292012932925878610413763542
138520171525112102912140582830082343047168026359280640210874245121230099763252718561281647455040366101120549151684992288208012110546105292
14608583680039557939200118673817600217568665600271960832000244764748800163176499200815882496003059559360084987760001699755200231784800193154007429001184422556700
15438180249603067261747209968600678401993720135680274136518656027413651865602056023889920117487079424051400597248017133532416042833831040778796928097349616074884320267444012791763612360

Generated b-files: A005159 (row sums), A151383 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-8d4637810467d09a · revision 2 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-11aec07ce60b6d61

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1:       1;
   2:       2,        1;
   3:       8,        8,        2;
   4:      40,       60,       30,        5;
   5:     224,      448,      336,      112,       14;
   6:    1344,     3360,     3360,     1680,      420,      42;
   7:    8448,    25344,    31680,    21120,     7920,    1584,     132;
   8:   54912,   192192,   288288,   240240,   120120,   36036,    6006,    429;
   9:  366080,  1464320,  2562560,  2562560,  1601600,  640640,  160160,  22880,  1430;
  10: 2489344, 11202048, 22404096, 26138112, 19603584, 9801792, 3267264, 700128, 87516, 4862;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy n*P(n,x) = (8*n-12+(4*n-6)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((8*n - 12 + (4*n - 6)*x)*P[n - 1, x])/(n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((8*n - 12 + (4*n - 6)*x)*v[i - 1])/(n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-81fd90eeb2a8c5d0
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-48e55eb2c8b6f3ba, e-81fd90eeb2a8c5d0
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-48e55eb2c8b6f3ba, e-81fd90eeb2a8c5d0
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 2
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-48e55eb2c8b6f3ba, e-81fd90eeb2a8c5d0
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-48e55eb2c8b6f3ba

Proof chains

2 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (67)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003