A178821 → basis A013611

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(8 + 16\,x + 2\,n + 4\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1102030
260240240540
32801680336022407560
41120896026880358401792090720
5403240320161280322560322560129024979776
6134401612808064002150400322560025804808601609797760
742240591360354816011827200236544002838528018923520540672092378880

Generated b-files: A139626 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-57f251ac09effa9f · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013611
Fingerprint
f6-11aec07ce60b6d61

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:      1;
  1:     10,      20;
  2:     60,     240,      240;
  3:    280,    1680,     3360,      2240;
  4:   1120,    8960,    26880,     35840,     17920;
  5:   4032,   40320,   161280,    322560,    322560,     129024;
  6:  13440,  161280,   806400,   2150400,   3225600,    2580480,     860160;
  7:  42240,  591360,  3548160,  11827200,  23654400,   28385280,   18923520,    5406720;
  8: 126720, 2027520, 14192640,  56770560, 141926400,  227082240,  227082240,  129761280,  32440320;
  9: 366080, 6589440, 52715520, 246005760, 738017280, 1476034560, 1968046080, 1686896640, 843448320, 187432960;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy n*P(n,x) = (2*n+8+(4*n+16)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n + 8 + (4*n + 16)*x)*P[n - 1, x])/(n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n + 8 + (4*n + 16)*x)*v[i - 1])/(n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-75b8144fcd4b7728
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-75b8144fcd4b7728
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-75b8144fcd4b7728
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-75b8144fcd4b7728

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (67)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003