Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.
A038321 (tail) nonnegative coefficients only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0) · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel basis map preserves real roots what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 121 | 154 | 49 | 324 | |||||||
| 1 | 1331 | 2541 | 1617 | 343 | 5832 | ||||||
| 2 | 14641 | 37268 | 35574 | 15092 | 2401 | 104976 | |||||
| 3 | 161051 | 512435 | 652190 | 415030 | 132055 | 16807 | 1889568 | ||||
| 4 | 1771561 | 6764142 | 10761135 | 9130660 | 4357815 | 1109262 | 117649 | 34012224 | |||
| 5 | 19487171 | 86806489 | 165721479 | 175765205 | 111850585 | 42706587 | 9058973 | 823543 | 612220032 | ||
| 6 | 214358881 | 1091281576 | 2430581692 | 3093467608 | 2460712870 | 1252726552 | 398594812 | 72471784 | 5764801 | 11019960576 | |
| 7 | 2357947691 | 13504609503 | 34375369644 | 51042215532 | 48722114826 | 31004982162 | 13153628796 | 3587353308 | 570715299 | 40353607 | 198359290368 |
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-7dcf11eddf2b9a8a· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
oeis_catalog:A038321- Fingerprint
f6-428cb055b0457fc7
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A001027: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 121, 154, 49; 1: 1331, 2541, 1617, 343; 2: 14641, 37268, 35574, 15092, 2401; 3: 161051, 512435, 652190, 415030, 132055, 16807; 4: 1771561, 6764142, 10761135, 9130660, 4357815, 1109262, 117649; 5: 19487171, 86806489, 165721479, 175765205, 111850585, 42706587, 9058973, 823543; 6: 214358881, 1091281576, 2430581692, 3093467608, 2460712870, 1252726552, 398594812, 72471784, 5764801; 7: 2357947691, 13504609503, 34375369644, 51042215532, 48722114826, 31004982162, 13153628796, 3587353308, 570715299, 40353607; 8: 25937424601, 165056338370, 472661332605, 802091958360, 893238771810, 682109607564, 361724791890, 131536287960, 31389341445, 4438896770, 282475249; 9: 285311670611, 1997181694277, 6354669027245, 12131640870195, 15440270198430, 13755877085874, 8753739963738, 3978972710790, 1266036771615, 268553254585, 34179505129, 1977326743;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (11+7*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 121 + 154*x + 49*x^2.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 121 + 154*x + 49*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(11 + 7*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 121 + 154*x + 49*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (11 + 7*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0)
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-f6f8234ea600f6f8 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-16634379058ff4dd,e-f6f8234ea600f6f8 -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-16634379058ff4dd,e-f6f8234ea600f6f8 -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, previous interlaces next) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-f6f8234ea600f6f8 -
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-16634379058ff4dd -
Basis map preserves real-rootedness. Basis map u^k -> P_k sends roots in (-inf, +inf) to roots in (-inf, +inf): every real-rooted input has a real-rooted image (an affine substitution times g)
The linear map sending x^k to the k-th polynomial of the sequence turns polynomials with roots in one interval into real-rooted ones.by the cited steps:
e-78bb8973195ccb8f -
Basis map preserves real-rootedness. Basis map u^k -> P_k sends roots in (-inf, 11] to roots in (-inf, 0]: an input root r <= 11 gives the root (r - a)/d <= 0; a larger root gives a positive root
The linear map sending x^k to the k-th polynomial of the sequence turns polynomials with roots in one interval into real-rooted ones.by the cited steps:
e-78bb8973195ccb8f
Proof chains
3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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basis_map_theorem
e-78bb8973195ccb8froot: theorem checkGeometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?
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parent_provers periodic_product
e-16634379058ff4ddroot: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-f6f8234ea600f6f8root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
Used in 7 proof steps
e-322a2e4c0bbd3231basis_map (A013609) → basis_map_A013609 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-5a47242ff4b92549basis_map (A007318) → basis_map_A007318 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-632cc4d34c6e419bbasis_map (A013610) → basis_map_A013610 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-86a79a465fd2222bbasis_map (A008277) → basis_map_A008277 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-e460f89b751823edbasis_map (A013611) → basis_map_A013611 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-57fae4cb2b7c6f75obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.e-57fae4cb2b7c6f75obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*11^(i-j)*7^j.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (1)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003