A038321 → basis A013610

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(18 + 21\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 324 + 756\,x + 441\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9Pn(1)
03247564411521
158322041223814926159319
21049764898888573046667921944812313441
3188956811022480257191203000564017503290408410190224199
4340122242380855686944162401080203040945177660441082908857661213518743761
5612220032499979692817499289248340263957603969746172027788223204108065312461801088541137231006679
61101996057610285296537641998294195297996019788814291086219201333834713792778070249712259356749904378228593615352009260481
71983592903682082772548864971960522803226458925342976463031193502085402030590857642015793484448210078967422246127303216482794280046581208728361158759

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-63d702ebcae1deea · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013610
Fingerprint
f6-8e9037e0ccb64a62

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            324,             756,              441;
  1:           5832,           20412,            23814,              9261;
  2:         104976,          489888,           857304,            666792,            194481;
  3:        1889568,        11022480,         25719120,          30005640,          17503290,           4084101;
  4:       34012224,       238085568,        694416240,        1080203040,         945177660,         441082908,          85766121;
  5:      612220032,      4999796928,      17499289248,       34026395760,       39697461720,       27788223204,       10806531246,        1801088541;
  6:    11019960576,    102852965376,     419982941952,      979960197888,     1429108621920,     1333834713792,      778070249712,      259356749904,       37822859361;
  7:   198359290368,   2082772548864,    9719605228032,    26458925342976,    46303119350208,    54020305908576,    42015793484448,    21007896742224,     6127303216482,      794280046581;
  8:  3570467226624,  41655450977280,  218691117630720,   680372365962240,  1389093580506240,  1944731012708736,  1890710706800160,  1260473804533440,   551457289483380,   142970408384580,   16679880978201;
  9: 64268410079232, 824777929350144, 4811204587875840, 16839216057565440, 39291504134319360, 64176123419388288, 74872143989286336, 62393453324405280, 36396181105903080, 14154070430073420, 3302616433683798, 350277500542221;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (18+21*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 324 + 756*x + 441*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 324 + 756*x + 441*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(18 + 21*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 324 + 756*x + 441*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (18 + 21*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-632cc4d34c6e419b
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-632cc4d34c6e419b
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-632cc4d34c6e419b

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (3)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003