A038321 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(18 + 7\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(7\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 324 + 301\,x + 49\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9Pn(1)
032430149674
158329793367534319643
2104976285649186151391022401618279
318895687876057795637528280353841601680720951002
434012224210128401309736399165987990374676053579891117649761030159
5612220032549129559311382463575864168640328854257604520074583211817782354329498040541
61101996057614156793004940267790355141670301474219322138978144154375594509114282628000462057648011214721486540
7198359290368361633797525713876668423975190701628997951180510503312036927316349496145491987185439830932223866276144035360752930739746725

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-0003d96fddee0ab5 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-9bee227fa15b1c4b

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            324,              301,                49;
  1:           5832,             9793,              3675,               343;
  2:         104976,           285649,            186151,             39102,              2401;
  3:        1889568,          7876057,           7956375,           2828035,            384160,             16807;
  4:       34012224,        210128401,         309736399,         165987990,          37467605,           3579891,           117649;
  5:      612220032,       5491295593,       11382463575,        8641686403,        2885425760,         452007458,         32118177,          823543;
  6:    11019960576,     141567930049,      402677903551,      416703014742,      193221389781,       44154375594,       5091142826,       280004620,        5764801;
  7:   198359290368,    3616337975257,    13876668423975,    19070162899795,    11805105033120,     3692731634949,     614549198718,     54398309322,     2386627614,      40353607;
  8:  3570467226624,   91796964414001,   469367755393999,   840873032059830,   676525971822085,   278350511884137,   62722073367723,   7946531115600,   557398608690,   19975035465,    282475249;
  9: 64268410079232, 2319917380936393, 15662346923505975, 36079622538091363, 37006305928234720, 19488258932613856, 5711777985252339, 971472098319261, 96873214852260, 5519768133495, 164683070167, 1977326743;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (18+7*x)*P(n-1,x) + 7*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 324 + 301*x + 49*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 324 + 301*x + 49*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(18 + 7*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 7*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 324 + 301*x + 49*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (18 + 7*x)*v[i - 1] + 7*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-86a79a465fd2222b
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-86a79a465fd2222b
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-86a79a465fd2222b

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  2. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741