basis-map coefficients of A112227 → (θ+1)² → basis A008277

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Triangle begins:
   1:   9,     27,        9;
   2:  16,    112,       96,       16;
   3:  25,    375,      625,      250,        25;
   4:  36,   1116,     3240,     2340,       540,        36;
   5:  49,   3087,    14749,    17150,      6860,      1029,       49;
   6:  64,   8128,    61824,   108864,     67200,     17024,     1792,       64;
   7:  81,  20655,   245025,   629370,    563031,    214326,    37422,     2916,      81;
   8: 100,  51100,   933000,  3410500,   4252500,   2282700,   588000,    75000,    4500,    100;
   9: 121, 123783,  3448621, 17635750,  29854330,  21717927,  7742427,  1437480,  139755,   6655,  121;
  10: 144, 294768, 12459744, 88056144, 198633600, 190605888, 90345024, 22899888, 3207600, 245520, 9504, 144;

The row polynomials satisfy (n^2+2*n+1)*P(n,x) = (n^2+4*n+4+(n^2+4*n+4)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (n^2+4*n+4)*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 9 + 27*x + 9*x^2.

P[1, x_] := 9 + 27*x + 9*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n^2 + 4*n + 4 + (n^2 + 4*n + 4)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (n^2 + 4*n + 4)*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n^2 + 2*n + 1)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 9 + 27*x + 9*x^2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((n^2 + 4*n + 4 + (n^2 + 4*n + 4)*x)*v[i - 1] + (n^2 + 4*n + 4)*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n^2 + 2*n + 1)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Ray basis map theorem
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Ray basis map theorem
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

• Ray basis map theorem [MW08, Thm 2] polytool RealRooted rayBasisMap_maps_realRootedIn_iff ? step ›

  • from theta_plus_one_squared of basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
    • Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›

      • from theta_plus_one of basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
        • Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›

          • from basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
            • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
            • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
            • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
                • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
                • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
        • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from theta_plus_one of basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
            • ↑ Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences (above)
    • Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›

      • from basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
        • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
    • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from theta_plus_one_squared of basis-map coefficients of A scaled Hermite triangle.?
        • ↑ Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences (above)
        • ↑ Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences (above)

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A136572 → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• A130123 → basis A008277
• A131436 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A112227 → θ+1 → basis A008277
• A131431 → D → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A030528, shifted → θ+1 → basis A008277
• A130123 → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A112227 → basis A008277 → reverse
• A131431 → basis A008277
• A136572 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A021012 → basis A008277
• A106800: Triangle of Stirling numbers of 2nd kind, S(n, n-k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.
• A130123 → basis A008277 → reverse
• A134309 → basis A008277
• A048993 → D+1
• basis-map coefficients of A026729, shifted → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A030528, shifted → basis A008277
• A130123 → D → basis A008277
• A008278: Reflected triangle of Stirling numbers of 2nd kind, S(n,n-k+1), n >= 1, 1 <= k <= n.
• A136572 → θ+1 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A026729, shifted → θ+1 → basis A008277
• A132440 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A026729 → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• A127648 → D → basis A008277
• A048993: Triangle of Stirling numbers of 2nd kind, S(n,k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.
• image under θ+1 → θ+1 → D → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A021012 → basis A008277 → reverse
• basis-map coefficients of A026729, shifted → D → basis A008277
• A048993 → reverse
• basis-map coefficients of A026729 → D → basis A008277
• A008277: Triangle of Stirling numbers of the second kind, S2(n,k), n >= 1, 1 <= k <= n.
• image under θ+1 → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• A131431 → θ+1 → basis A008277
• A136572 → D → basis A008277
• A130123 → θ+1 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A030528, shifted → (θ+1)² → basis A008277
• A136521 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A021012 → θ+1 → basis A008277
• A129186 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A112227 → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A030528, shifted → D → basis A008277
• basis-map coefficients of A026729, shifted → basis A008277
• image under θ+1 → basis A008277
• A048993 → D+1 → reverse
• A132440 → θ+1 → basis A008277

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.