A136572 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(n + n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(n x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1112
226210
364236690
424360600240241248
51203720108007800180012024360
67204536021672025200010080015120720631440
750406400804868640857304052920001340640141120504020865600

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-6709415e7c106f96 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-4732d0911d5a78c5

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:      1;
  1:      1,         1;
  2:      2,         6,          2;
  3:      6,        42,         36,           6;
  4:     24,       360,        600,         240,          24;
  5:    120,      3720,      10800,        7800,        1800,        120;
  6:    720,     45360,     216720,      252000,      100800,      15120,        720;
  7:   5040,    640080,    4868640,     8573040,     5292000,    1340640,     141120,      5040;
  8:  40320,  10281600,  121968000,   313286400,   280264320,  106686720,   18627840,   1451520,    40320;
  9: 362880, 185431680, 3385670400, 12376022400, 15431472000, 8283461760, 2133734400, 272160000, 16329600, 362880;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n+n*x)*P(n-1,x) + n*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n + n*x)*P[n - 1, x] + n*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n + n*x)*v[i - 1] + n*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-65b19db4875af7b0
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-65b19db4875af7b0
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-65b19db4875af7b0

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (11)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741