A038330 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(16 + 4\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 256 + 128\,x + 16\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
025612816400
140963072768648000
26553665536245764096256160000
3104857613107206553601638402048010243200000
4167772162516582415728640524288098304098304409664000000
5268435456469762048352321536146800640367001605505024458752163841280000000
6429496729685899345927516192768375809638411744051202348810242936012820971526553625600000000
7687194767361546188226561546188226569019431321633822867456845571686414092861441509949449437184262144512000000000
8109951162777627487790694403092376453120206158430208090194313216027058293964856371445760805306368075497472041943040104857610240000000000
91759218604441648378511622144604731395276804535485464576022677427322880793709956300819842748907523543348019204429185024036909875201845493764194304204800000000000
1028147497671065684442493013196811610842789314569675702324428805442582557491202177033022996486349679650406413606456393728212600881152023622320128017716740096805306368167772164096000000000000
1145035996273704961463669878895411221955048183431168201254608348119041257841302175744056602858597908481886761953263616471690488315904884419665592321228360646656012283606466568375186227234896609286710886481920000000000000
127205759403792793625220157913274777640982756609071513640982756609071513628175645168736665614087822584368332852829334691381248150940956261089283301833418211328550305569701888687881962127366253472382976390842023936150323855362684354561638400000000000000
13115292150460684697643234556422756761607566047373982433280819655132181430272061474134913607270403381077420248399872140878225843683328045282286878326784011320571719581696022012222788075520330183341821132837520834297856031267361914880180388626432064424509440107374182432768000000000000000
141844674407370955161673786976294838206464138350580552821637120161409010644958576640131144821149028843520786868926894173061123606482581598293196812880294934279618560362258295026614272080501843339247616014087822584368332819210667160502272200111116255232015393162788864082463372083202748779069444294967296655360000000000000000

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-ee879560f84ab2b6 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-03d7b8417365c509

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            256,            128,             16;
  1:           4096,           3072,            768,             64;
  2:          65536,          65536,          24576,           4096,            256;
  3:        1048576,        1310720,         655360,         163840,          20480,          1024;
  4:       16777216,       25165824,       15728640,        5242880,         983040,         98304,          4096;
  5:      268435456,      469762048,      352321536,      146800640,       36700160,       5505024,        458752,        16384;
  6:     4294967296,     8589934592,     7516192768,     3758096384,     1174405120,     234881024,      29360128,      2097152,       65536;
  7:    68719476736,   154618822656,   154618822656,    90194313216,    33822867456,    8455716864,    1409286144,    150994944,     9437184,     262144;
  8:  1099511627776,  2748779069440,  3092376453120,  2061584302080,   901943132160,  270582939648,   56371445760,   8053063680,   754974720,   41943040,   1048576;
  9: 17592186044416, 48378511622144, 60473139527680, 45354854645760, 22677427322880, 7937099563008, 1984274890752, 354334801920, 44291850240, 3690987520, 184549376, 4194304;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (16+4*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 256 + 128*x + 16*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 256 + 128*x + 16*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(16 + 4*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 256 + 128*x + 16*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (16 + 4*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-7b68ca495e98f7ea
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7b68ca495e98f7ea
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-7b68ca495e98f7ea

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (14)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003