A130123 → basis A013611

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(2 + 8\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
12810
243264100
38963845121000
41625615364096409610000
5326405120204804096032768100000
664153615360819202457603932162621441000000
7128358443008286720114688027525123670016209715210000000

Generated b-files: A011557 (row sums), A038214, A038280 (reversed triangle) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-c96fe4c1be387a19 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013611
Fingerprint
f6-03d7b8417365c509

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:   1;
  1:   2,     8;
  2:   4,    32,     64;
  3:   8,    96,    384,     512;
  4:  16,   256,   1536,    4096,     4096;
  5:  32,   640,   5120,   20480,    40960,    32768;
  6:  64,  1536,  15360,   81920,   245760,   393216,    262144;
  7: 128,  3584,  43008,  286720,  1146880,  2752512,   3670016,   2097152;
  8: 256,  8192, 114688,  917504,  4587520, 14680064,  29360128,  33554432,  16777216;
  9: 512, 18432, 294912, 2752512, 16515072, 66060288, 176160768, 301989888, 301989888, 134217728;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2+8*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + 8*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + 8*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

A038214: triangle, offset 0, from the row P0
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:   1;
  1:   2,     8;
  2:   4,    32,     64;
  3:   8,    96,    384,     512;
  4:  16,   256,   1536,    4096,     4096;
  5:  32,   640,   5120,   20480,    40960,    32768;
  6:  64,  1536,  15360,   81920,   245760,   393216,    262144;
  7: 128,  3584,  43008,  286720,  1146880,  2752512,   3670016,   2097152;
  8: 256,  8192, 114688,  917504,  4587520, 14680064,  29360128,  33554432,  16777216;
  9: 512, 18432, 294912, 2752512, 16515072, 66060288, 176160768, 301989888, 301989888, 134217728;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2+8*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + 8*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n + 1], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + 8*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n + 1 - #c)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

A038280: reversed triangle, offset 0, from the row P0
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:         1;
  1:         8,         2;
  2:        64,        32,         4;
  3:       512,       384,        96,         8;
  4:      4096,      4096,      1536,       256,       16;
  5:     32768,     40960,     20480,      5120,      640,       32;
  6:    262144,    393216,    245760,     81920,    15360,     1536,      64;
  7:   2097152,   3670016,   2752512,   1146880,   286720,    43008,    3584,    128;
  8:  16777216,  33554432,  29360128,  14680064,  4587520,   917504,  114688,   8192,   256;
  9: 134217728, 301989888, 301989888, 176160768, 66060288, 16515072, 2752512, 294912, 18432, 512;
%F Formula
Row n lists the coefficients of P(n,x) in descending powers of x, where P(n,x) = (2+8*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + 8*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[Reverse[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n + 1]], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + 8*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n + 1 - #c)); c = Vecrev(c); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-d7d2422771947afc
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-d7d2422771947afc
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-d7d2422771947afc

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (14)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.