A156992 → basis A013609

palindromic γ-positive nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(2 + 2\,x + 2\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1448
224482496
31925765761921536
419207680115207680192030720
52304011520023040023040011520023040737280
63225601935360483840064512004838400193536032256020643840
7516096036126720108380160180633600180633600108380160361267205160960660602880
892897280743178240260112384052022476806502809600520224768026011238407431782409289728023781703680
91857945600167215104006688604160015606743040023410114560023410114560015606743040066886041600167215104001857945600951268147200
1040874803200408748032000183936614400049049763840008583708672000103004504064008583708672000490497638400018393661440004087480320004087480320041855798476800
11980995276800107909480448005395474022400016186422067200032372844134400045321981788160045321981788160032372844134400016186422067200053954740224000107909480448009809952768002009078326886400
12255058771968003060705263616001683387894988800561129298329600012625409212416000202006547398656002356743052984320020200654739865600126254092124160005611292983296000168338789498880030607052636160025505877196800104472072998092800
13714164561510400928413929963520055704835797811200204251064591974400510627661479936000919129790663884800122550638755184640012255063875518464009191297906638848005106276614799360002042510645919744005570483579781120092841392996352007141645615104005850436087893196800
142142493684531200029994911583436800019496692529233920007798677011693568000214463617821573120004289272356431462400064339085346471936000735303832531107840006433908534647193600042892723564314624000214463617821573120007798677011693568000194966925292339200029994911583436800021424936845312000351026165273591808000

Generated b-files: A034177 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-cf97dd8f766eb0a5 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-77a7ed3b1d5f257e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: yes
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): yes
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:          4,           4;
  2:         24,          48,          24;
  3:        192,         576,         576,          192;
  4:       1920,        7680,       11520,         7680,         1920;
  5:      23040,      115200,      230400,       230400,       115200,        23040;
  6:     322560,     1935360,     4838400,      6451200,      4838400,      1935360,       322560;
  7:    5160960,    36126720,   108380160,    180633600,    180633600,    108380160,     36126720,     5160960;
  8:   92897280,   743178240,  2601123840,   5202247680,   6502809600,   5202247680,   2601123840,   743178240,    92897280;
  9: 1857945600, 16721510400, 66886041600, 156067430400, 234101145600, 234101145600, 156067430400, 66886041600, 16721510400, 1857945600;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2*n+2+(2*n+2)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2*n + 2 + (2*n + 2)*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2*n + 2 + (2*n + 2)*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-b7289e9f518eca68
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-b7289e9f518eca68
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-b7289e9f518eca68

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (59)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003