A178822 → basis A013609

palindromic γ-positive nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(10 + 10\,x + 2\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1121224
28416884336
3448134413444483584
420168064120968064201632256
58064403208064080640403208064258048
629568177408443520591360443520177408295681892352
7101376709632212889635481603548160212889670963210137612976128

Generated b-files: A045543 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-9888e9a4337cf292 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-77a7ed3b1d5f257e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: yes
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): yes
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:       1;
  1:      12,      12;
  2:      84,     168,       84;
  3:     448,    1344,     1344,      448;
  4:    2016,    8064,    12096,     8064,      2016;
  5:    8064,   40320,    80640,    80640,     40320,      8064;
  6:   29568,  177408,   443520,   591360,    443520,    177408,    29568;
  7:  101376,  709632,  2128896,  3548160,   3548160,   2128896,   709632,   101376;
  8:  329472, 2635776,  9225216, 18450432,  23063040,  18450432,  9225216,  2635776,  329472;
  9: 1025024, 9225216, 36900864, 86102016, 129153024, 129153024, 86102016, 36900864, 9225216, 1025024;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy n*P(n,x) = (2*n+10+(2*n+10)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n + 10 + (2*n + 10)*x)*P[n - 1, x])/(n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n + 10 + (2*n + 10)*x)*v[i - 1])/(n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-eabb9625052c8071
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-eabb9625052c8071
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-eabb9625052c8071
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-eabb9625052c8071

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (59)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003