A178821 → basis A013610

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(8 + 12\,x + 2\,n + 3\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1101525
260180135375
3280126018909454375
4112067201512015120567043750
54032302409072013608010206030618393750
61344012096045360090720010206006123601530903281250
7422404435201995840498960074844006735960336798072171025781250
81267201520640798336023950080449064005388768040415760173210403247695193359375
936608049420802965248010378368023351328035026992035026992022517352084440070140733451396484375
1010250241537536010378368041513472010897286401961511552245188944021016195201182160980394053660591080499775390625
112795520461260803459456001556755200467026560098075577601471133664015762146400118216098005910804900177324147024180565566650390625
127454720134184960110702592055351296001868106240044834549760784604620801008777369609457287840063048585600283718635207737780960967222620444335937500
1319496960380190720342171648018819440640705729024001905468364803810936729605716405094406430955731205359129776003215477865601315422763203288556908037944887402905273437500
1450135040105283584010265149440615908966402540624486407621873459201714921528320293986547712038585734387203858573438720289393007904015785073158405919402434401366015946401463588514018676757812500

Generated b-files: A036071 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-53e421fb0a6e1da4 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013610
Fingerprint
f6-f06e51c139cfae05

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:      1;
  1:     10,      15;
  2:     60,     180,      135;
  3:    280,    1260,     1890,       945;
  4:   1120,    6720,    15120,     15120,      5670;
  5:   4032,   30240,    90720,    136080,    102060,     30618;
  6:  13440,  120960,   453600,    907200,   1020600,    612360,    153090;
  7:  42240,  443520,  1995840,   4989600,   7484400,   6735960,   3367980,    721710;
  8: 126720, 1520640,  7983360,  23950080,  44906400,  53887680,  40415760,  17321040,  3247695;
  9: 366080, 4942080, 29652480, 103783680, 233513280, 350269920, 350269920, 225173520, 84440070, 14073345;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy n*P(n,x) = (2*n+8+(3*n+12)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n + 8 + (3*n + 12)*x)*P[n - 1, x])/(n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n + 8 + (3*n + 12)*x)*v[i - 1])/(n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-0c010b1c5e20b0cb
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0c010b1c5e20b0cb
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0c010b1c5e20b0cb
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-0c010b1c5e20b0cb

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (23)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003