A257619 → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:    3,           2;
  1:    6,          46,             4;
  2:   12,         608,           568,              8;
  3:   24,        7000,         23124,           6444,              16;
  4:   48,       77840,        660404,         644280,           71420,              32;
  5:   96,      858352,      16108076,       37632796,        15541636,          786980,              64;
  6:  192,     9446960,     361861428,     1697717376,      1676192656,       347178144,         8660076,            128;
  7:  384,   103928464,    7759175788,    66102058932,    127875626648,     64787727704,      7421444604,       95268580,           256;
  8:  768,  1143240368,  161860925812,  2348356032392,   7951124080612,   7889350512896,   2291327480476,   154543409672,    1047972172,         512;
  9: 1536, 12575705488, 3320960887404, 78556570055820, 433070680848636, 743366371756860, 427529686368132, 76427103501156, 3167560718100, 11527734084, 1024;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2+(9*n-16)*x)*P(n-2,x) + (9*x-9*x^2)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (1+(9*n+2)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (9*x-9*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 3 + 2*x, P(1,x) = 6 + 46*x + 4*x^2.

P[0, x_] := 3 + 2*x;
P[1, x_] := 6 + 46*x + 4*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2 + (9*n - 16)*x)*P[n - 2, x] + (9*x - 9*x^2)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (1 + (9*n + 2)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (9*x - 9*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 3 + 2*x; v[2] = 6 + 46*x + 4*x^2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2 + (9*n - 16)*x)*v[i - 2] + (9*x - 9*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (1 + (9*n + 2)*x)*v[i - 1] + (9*x - 9*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-438bbc5de73b4ca9

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• obreschkoff_combination e-438bbc5de73b4ca9

  Hermite–Kakeya–Obreschkoff theorem [Obr63; Fis06, Thm 1.43] ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = 9*x + 2.
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
    • theorem_check liu_wang e-56de0822e00a89e3 root: theorem check

      Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = 9*x + 2.
    uses: Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    no recorded property covers this requirement

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
3. [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.