A290319 → D+1

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel interlacing (weak)

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-49 + 14\,x - x^{2} + 56\,n - 8\,n x - 16\,n^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-10 + 2\,x + 8\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 2 + x\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	x⁴	x⁵	x⁶	x⁷	x⁸	x⁹	x¹⁰	x¹¹	x¹²	x¹³	x¹⁴	P_n(1)
0	1															1
1	2	1														3
2	11	8	1													20
3	104	89	18	1												212
4	1397	1320	338	32	1											3088
5	24334	24649	7320	910	50	1										57264
6	520959	556352	183499	27160	2005	72	1									1290048
7	13232820	14741873	5265946	882959	78960	3871	98	1								34206528
8	388972905	448758832	170819396	31505376	3235134	194544	6804	128	1							1043493120
9	12987518490	15435574641	6191398176	1232236844	140706132	9813846	425040	11148	162	1						35997684480
10	485534800755	592094682072	248239643541	52607182000	6540667790	511498848	25895898	847440	17295	200	1					1385555235840
11	20091801646080	25062076751337	10915637415474	2439308203981	325382832280	27898599938	1594067244	61363698	1572120	25685	242	1				58863762478080
12	911710941493725	1160397189682200	522540831710358	122231361978880	17304648861511	1601273754960	100872404996	4405903392	133470843	2751320	36806	288	1			2735891662049280
13	45014930167098150	58341790143509625	27059788084536792	6587761132229914	981746105799030	96910602705631	6620310583744	320273588492	11057722962	270699143	4588584	51194	338	1		138089878153113600
14	2402504906517577575	3165431130278830800	1507530792442853151	380224312847936648	59263948833832379	6185628451506504	452668763710163	23843183704912	915320487653	25634793184	517962445	7349160	69433	392	1	7521618172800614400

Technical details

Node id: n-fe0c5d3db343d0b9 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:one_plus_derivative
Fingerprint: f6-72f287c2c8db933a

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:           2,           1;
  2:          11,           8,          1;
  3:         104,          89,         18,          1;
  4:        1397,        1320,        338,         32,         1;
  5:       24334,       24649,       7320,        910,        50,       1;
  6:      520959,      556352,     183499,      27160,      2005,      72,      1;
  7:    13232820,    14741873,    5265946,     882959,     78960,    3871,     98,     1;
  8:   388972905,   448758832,  170819396,   31505376,   3235134,  194544,   6804,   128,   1;
  9: 12987518490, 15435574641, 6191398176, 1232236844, 140706132, 9813846, 425040, 11148, 162, 1;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(16*n^2-56*n+49+(8*n-14)*x+x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (8*n-10+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + x.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 2 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(16*n^2 - 56*n + 49 + (8*n - 14)*x + x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (8*n - 10 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(16*n^2 - 56*n + 49 + (8*n - 14)*x + x^2)*v[i - 2] + (8*n - 10 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators
Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
by Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators

Proof chains ? JSON

Laguerre’s theorem on differential operators [SP14] polytool ? step ›
- from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
  - Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
  - Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
  - Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check

References

[Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
[Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
[LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
[SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.