Real-rooted atlas

A330381 → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-3 - 4\,x - x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-4\,x - 2\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}'(x) + \left(-x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}''(x) + \left(4 + 2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(2\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 3 + 2\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1325
2914326
32776374144
481376316765854
52431778231693613565414
672981981563994922261218736544
7218737228100489862363025547603298261492
8656116744062514473069635488281152907247291975428
9196837484183804120590515238192221191916191808160326511015697012
105904933315502279172346146552387075221584645234446464114322669787011130766504
1117714714789740135033133351859396375531846196277168553681388863888817179423721133121138761152
12531441655356887935037962633917300352591051923069097928215418721692909362079150715246006463614441310339523544
13159432329004024246347554281944207847232283646509260503983541147909347229610893924651306014521345427004129536818071497655837848
1447829691282554518269488289911419644662202898520121672851309053901531157579494844797792894639849471170605514923075014577820136773222615957478900928
Technical details
Node id
n-fb52313e0f83daf2 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-d7a1d544fb3e3e25

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:     1;
  1:     3,      2;
  2:     9,     14,       3;
  3:    27,     76,      37,       4;
  4:    81,    376,     316,      76,       5;
  5:   243,   1778,    2316,     936,     135,       6;
  6:   729,   8198,   15639,    9492,    2261,     218,      7;
  7:  2187,  37228,  100489,   86236,   30255,    4760,    329,     8;
  8:  6561, 167440,  625144,  730696,  354882,   81152,   9072,   472,   9;
  9: 19683, 748418, 3804120, 5905152, 3819222, 1191916, 191808, 16032, 651, 10;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(3+4*x+x^2)*P(n-2,x) - (4*x+2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-2,x) - x^2*d^2/dx^2 P(n-2,x) + (4+2*x)*P(n-1,x) + 2*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 3 + 2*x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 3 + 2*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(3 + 4*x + x^2)*P[n - 2, x] - (4*x + 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] - x^2*D[P[n - 2, x], {x, 2}] + (4 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 2*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 3 + 2*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(3 + 4*x + x^2)*v[i - 2] - (4*x + 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) - x^2*deriv(deriv(v[i - 2], x), x) + (4 + 2*x)*v[i - 1] + 2*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  2. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741