A257607 → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
  0:        6,         5;
  1:       30,        65,         25;
  2:      150,       595,        560,         125;
  3:      750,      4745,       8025,        4335,         625;
  4:     3750,     35095,      93600,       90320,       31510,         3125;
  5:    18750,    247445,     966845,     1463870,      911620,       219685,       15625;
  6:    93750,   1687795,    9211480,    20326455,    19829430,      8547305,     1486860,       78125;
  7:   468750,  11236145,   82829545,   253845705,   360025205,    243227755,    75970035,     9843035,     390625;
  8:  2343750,  73432495,  713169320,  2933559890,  5759735200,   5653555700,  2773161680,   648435430,   64058210,   1953125;
  9: 11718750, 473016845, 5937042765, 31952012160, 83871878580, 113791832490, 81151882770, 29892019800, 5362039830, 411302385, 9765625;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (5+(n+3)*x)*P(n-2,x) + (x-x^2)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (4+(n+5)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (x-x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 6 + 5*x, P(1,x) = 30 + 65*x + 25*x^2.

P[0, x_] := 6 + 5*x;
P[1, x_] := 30 + 65*x + 25*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(5 + (n + 3)*x)*P[n - 2, x] + (x - x^2)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (4 + (n + 5)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (x - x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 6 + 5*x; v[2] = 30 + 65*x + 25*x^2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (5 + (n + 3)*x)*v[i - 2] + (x - x^2)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (4 + (n + 5)*x)*v[i - 1] + (x - x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-e045f1dbdfaaf32d

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• obreschkoff_combination e-e045f1dbdfaaf32d

  Hermite–Kakeya–Obreschkoff theorem [Obr63; Fis06, Thm 1.43] ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = x + 5.
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
    • theorem_check liu_wang e-5eeeda74dfe3072e root: theorem check

      Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?

  • premise (sequence): Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = x + 5.
    uses: Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    no recorded property covers this requirement

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
3. [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.