A008306 → basis A013611

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel interlacing (weak)

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + 4\,x + n + 4\,n x\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(1 + n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 2\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	P_n(1)
0	1				1
1	2				2
2	9	12			21
3	44	80			124
4	265	640	240		1145
5	1854	5376	3360		10590
6	14833	49532	43120	6720	114205
7	133496	498592	543872	161280	1337240

All 15 rows

Technical details

Node id: n-f5dd8e1ee54613a3 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:basis_map_A013611
Fingerprint: f6-65badf9745cca059

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 (half affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:        1;
  1:        2;
  2:        9,       12;
  3:       44,       80;
  4:      265,      640,      240;
  5:     1854,     5376,     3360;
  6:    14833,    49532,    43120,     6720;
  7:   133496,   498592,   543872,   161280;
  8:  1334961,  5467104,  7066080,  3064320,  241920;
  9: 14684570, 64996800, 96043200, 54010880, 8870400;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (n+1+(4*n+4)*x)*P(n-2,x) + (n+1)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(n + 1 + (4*n + 4)*x)*P[n - 2, x] + (n + 1)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (n + 1 + (4*n + 4)*x)*v[i - 2] + (n + 1)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Geometric basis map (elementary)
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Geometric basis map (elementary)
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Geometric basis map (elementary)
Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
by Geometric basis map (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- from Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: associated Stirling numbers of first kind (n >= 2, 1 <= k <= floor(n/2)).?
  - Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences [LW07, Thm 2.1, Thm 2.3, Cor 2.4, Prop 3.3] polytool ? step › direct check
  - Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›
    
    from Triangle T(n,k) read by rows; related to number of preorders.?
    
    Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences [LW07, Thm 2.1, Thm 2.3, Cor 2.4, Prop 3.3] polytool ? step › direct check

References

[LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003