Real-rooted atlas

A013620 → basis A008288

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−3−2√2, −3+2√2] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-10 + 3\,x\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(7 + 3\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 5 + 3\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1538
22539973
312533318927674
462523912349783816229
53125156572272512825299724357572
615625969391897291571676099310935729532117
778125578253143864116092819069572660853863721874918166
8390625335963110198773145784071103811346570951094229133407656145456841
9195312519141137688186531208682811167602856577402522042773431057745270919683420141248
109765625107422899447245145937346175111328092979724241935465048198250975164353051515591590493883214593
114882812559570517328222215936900931809980000702186130803254851174969177473081741820470161076349501916517714735891157194
1224414062532714884711739248391748741461127809820738098505900193558642688205270580823198382025233171629855122231948516474671531441331729069789
131220703125178222738171051267524213328250263296358016252617816284527856430033145253621408575851409905690293780401616968381694457955671775367554115943233066052597532
14610351562596435563259625243714641220991828204747854901011056771160247355651465868378543693431880952070710550585695582910459164204935425265856903192806539921173781207478296928338422486797

Generated b-files: A082764 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-f5630447d9b46bac · revision 2 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008288
Fingerprint
f6-0fee5d4c7376c95e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:       1;
  1:       5,        3;
  2:      25,       39,        9;
  3:     125,      333,      189,        27;
  4:     625,     2391,     2349,       783,        81;
  5:    3125,    15657,    22725,     12825,      2997,      243;
  6:   15625,    96939,   189729,    157167,     60993,    10935,      729;
  7:   78125,   578253,  1438641,   1609281,    906957,   266085,    38637,    2187;
  8:  390625,  3359631, 10198773,  14578407,  11038113,  4657095,  1094229,  133407,   6561;
  9: 1953125, 19141137, 68818653, 120868281, 116760285, 65774025, 22042773, 4310577, 452709, 19683;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(10-3*x)*P(n-2,x) + (7+3*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 5 + 3*x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 5 + 3*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(10 - 3*x)*P[n - 2, x] + (7 + 3*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 5 + 3*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(10 - 3*x)*v[i - 2] + (7 + 3*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1564556493/268435456, -46056243/268435456]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-28556ceb40718bbf
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-28556ceb40718bbf, e-b6ef91bfd675e934
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-28556ceb40718bbf, e-b6ef91bfd675e934
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [−3−2√2, −3+2√2] (rational outer bound [-1564556493/268435456, -46056243/268435456])
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-b6ef91bfd675e934

Proof chains

2 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  4. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003