A161198 → basis A013611

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 + 8\,x + 2\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
111
23811
3156464143
41055689605122145
594559521318412288409636465
6103957303219264024064014336032768692835
71351351032576308857646694403788800157286426214414549535
820270251656972054589248947502089418752053903360165150722097152334639305
9344594252979014401060574976204746752023591895041669857280711983104167772160167772168365982625
106547290755935802760225341360644738648268861204340736506008043522688653721688835358721660944384134217728225881530875
11137493105751298896905605207032794241175389224960166438301696015522516172809694237163524016465510401059481190401610612736010737418246550564395375
123162341432253097457367480130152929512323119957840947247683923189760490168513331203471475841433616993260404736564997914624012180258816001535450808328589934592203067496256625
1379058535806257996630733280035016198272064088411180384665614416947070197761606892668846080126000377102336070254957743308827719556189388875650480209920135828340736001443109011456687194767366701227376468625
14213458046676875222233712663060010094103992119680266723145656248324599865152030720054919659715002368468752431683993602904886875888025613104676790599680426012746081894497194036166656014762661589811213400297963520549755813888234542958176401875
1561902833536293756615544104570240031050771278451552085424995434007756815473394106139074561960659343897526272179873932960360038412174191393547223046124265769984327682283811106885468166226729017488179212056694754377728156962156812697612314530231091243980465111048678089452526869375

Generated b-files: A051583 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-f4f909be2b0f8048 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013611
Fingerprint
f6-30161f617b2fcf0e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1:         1;
   2:         3,          8;
   3:        15,         64,          64;
   4:       105,        568,         960,         512;
   5:       945,       5952,       13184,       12288,        4096;
   6:     10395,      73032,      192640,      240640,      143360,       32768;
   7:    135135,    1032576,     3088576,     4669440,     3788800,     1572864,      262144;
   8:   2027025,   16569720,    54589248,    94750208,    94187520,    53903360,    16515072,    2097152;
   9:  34459425,  297901440,  1060574976,  2047467520,  2359189504,  1669857280,   711983104,  167772160,   16777216;
  10: 654729075, 5935802760, 22534136064, 47386482688, 61204340736, 50600804352, 26886537216, 8883535872, 1660944384, 134217728;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2*n-1+8*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2*n - 1 + 8*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (2*n - 1 + 8*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-1182ea8561b370d4
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-1182ea8561b370d4
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-1182ea8561b370d4

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003