A039683: Signed double Pochhammer triangle: expansion of x(x-2)(x-4)..(x-2n+2).
A028338 → x ↦ −x+1
A039683 only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in [1, ∞) · alternating coefficient signs · interlacing (weak) what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | -2 | 1 | -1 | ||||||
| 2 | 8 | -6 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 3 | -48 | 44 | -12 | 1 | -15 | ||||
| 4 | 384 | -400 | 140 | -20 | 1 | 105 | |||
| 5 | -3840 | 4384 | -1800 | 340 | -30 | 1 | -945 | ||
| 6 | 46080 | -56448 | 25984 | -5880 | 700 | -42 | 1 | 10395 | |
| 7 | -645120 | 836352 | -420224 | 108304 | -15680 | 1288 | -56 | 1 | -135135 |
Generated b-files: A039683 ?
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-f2cd67e92f70216b· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
oeis_catalog:A039683- Fingerprint
f6-766a7aa6df52b889
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): no - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A039683: triangle, 45 terms agree, 9 full rows row-aligned (tabl) in polytool catalog · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 990 terms from n = 1 ?
- A330797: row sums, 15 terms agree (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: -2, 1; 2: 8, -6, 1; 3: -48, 44, -12, 1; 4: 384, -400, 140, -20, 1; 5: -3840, 4384, -1800, 340, -30, 1; 6: 46080, -56448, 25984, -5880, 700, -42, 1; 7: -645120, 836352, -420224, 108304, -15680, 1288, -56, 1; 8: 10321920, -14026752, 7559936, -2153088, 359184, -36288, 2184, -72, 1; 9: -185794560, 262803456, -150105600, 46315520, -8618400, 1012368, -75600, 3480, -90, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(2*n-x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(2*n - x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(2*n - x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
A039683: triangle, offset 1, from the row P0
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 1: 1; 2: -2, 1; 3: 8, -6, 1; 4: -48, 44, -12, 1; 5: 384, -400, 140, -20, 1; 6: -3840, 4384, -1800, 340, -30, 1; 7: 46080, -56448, 25984, -5880, 700, -42, 1; 8: -645120, 836352, -420224, 108304, -15680, 1288, -56, 1; 9: 10321920, -14026752, 7559936, -2153088, 359184, -36288, 2184, -72, 1; 10: -185794560, 262803456, -150105600, 46315520, -8618400, 1012368, -75600, 3480, -90, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(2*n-2-x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(2*n - 2 - x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = -(2*n - 2 - x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n - #c)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [1, +inf)
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-8b470702f19ec444 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n(-x) have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-8b470702f19ec444 -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-8b470702f19ec444
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
-
preserver_image affine, shift 0
e-8b470702f19ec444Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
-
theorem_check liu_wang
e-59b849691f316c6froot: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
-
parent_provers root_domain
e-ef36674c01230a86root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
-
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
Used in 2 proof steps
e-769dd7c64d51b4a5obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Signed double Pochhammer triangle: expansion of x(x-2)(x-4)..(…e-769dd7c64d51b4a5obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Signed double Pochhammer triangle: expansion of x(x-2)(x-4)..(…
Related sequences ?
No candidate equalities or related sequences.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003