A051380: Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind read by rows: T(n, k) = [x^k] Product_{m=1..n} (x - m - r), with r = 8.
A028338 → x ↦ −2x+17
A051380 only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in [17/2, ∞) · alternating coefficient signs · interlacing (weak) what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | -9 | 1 | -8 | ||||||
| 2 | 90 | -19 | 1 | 72 | |||||
| 3 | -990 | 299 | -30 | 1 | -720 | ||||
| 4 | 11880 | -4578 | 659 | -42 | 1 | 7920 | |||
| 5 | -154440 | 71394 | -13145 | 1205 | -55 | 1 | -95040 | ||
| 6 | 2162160 | -1153956 | 255424 | -30015 | 1975 | -69 | 1 | 1235520 | |
| 7 | -32432400 | 19471500 | -4985316 | 705649 | -59640 | 3010 | -84 | 1 | -17297280 |
Generated b-files: A051380 ?
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-f055ce55e9689b65· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
oeis_catalog:A051380- Fingerprint
f6-7fbf266f1c75df53
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): no - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A051380: triangle, 45 terms agree, 9 full rows row-aligned (tabl) in polytool catalog · view at the OEIS · generated b-file 990 terms from n = 0 ?
A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: -9, 1; 2: 90, -19, 1; 3: -990, 299, -30, 1; 4: 11880, -4578, 659, -42, 1; 5: -154440, 71394, -13145, 1205, -55, 1; 6: 2162160, -1153956, 255424, -30015, 1975, -69, 1; 7: -32432400, 19471500, -4985316, 705649, -59640, 3010, -84, 1; 8: 518918400, -343976400, 99236556, -16275700, 1659889, -107800, 4354, -100, 1; 9: -8821612800, 6366517200, -2030997852, 375923456, -44493813, 3492489, -181818, 6054, -117, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(n+8-x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(n + 8 - x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(n + 8 - x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
A051380: triangle, offset 0, from the row P0
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: -9, 1; 2: 90, -19, 1; 3: -990, 299, -30, 1; 4: 11880, -4578, 659, -42, 1; 5: -154440, 71394, -13145, 1205, -55, 1; 6: 2162160, -1153956, 255424, -30015, 1975, -69, 1; 7: -32432400, 19471500, -4985316, 705649, -59640, 3010, -84, 1; 8: 518918400, -343976400, 99236556, -16275700, 1659889, -107800, 4354, -100, 1; 9: -8821612800, 6366517200, -2030997852, 375923456, -44493813, 3492489, -181818, 6054, -117, 1;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(n+8-x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(n + 8 - x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[PadRight[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], n + 1], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(n + 8 - x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c = concat(c, vector(n + 1 - #c)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
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Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [17/2, +inf)
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-86838a696acab184 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n(-x) have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-86838a696acab184 -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-86838a696acab184
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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preserver_image affine, shift 0
e-86838a696acab184Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-59b849691f316c6froot: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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parent_provers root_domain
e-ef36674c01230a86root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (x+1)*(x+3)*...*(x + 2n - 1) in rising powers of x.
Used in 2 proof steps
e-319662bfd9739006obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind read by row…e-319662bfd9739006obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind read by row…
Related sequences ?
No candidate equalities or related sequences.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003