Real-rooted atlas

A046716 → x ↦ x+1 → D

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(-4 + 2\,n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(66 + 216\,x + 234\,x^{2} + 84\,x^{3} - 58\,n - 198\,n x - 222\,n x^{2} - 82\,n x^{3} + 18\,n^{2} + 60\,n^{2} x + 66\,n^{2} x^{2} + 24\,n^{2} x^{3} - 2\,n^{3} - 6\,n^{3} x - 6\,n^{3} x^{2} - 2\,n^{3} x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-3}(x) + \left(24 + 102\,x + 162\,x^{2} + 114\,x^{3} + 30\,x^{4} - 23\,n - 100\,n x - 162\,n x^{2} - 116\,n x^{3} - 31\,n x^{4} + 8\,n^{2} + 34\,n^{2} x + 54\,n^{2} x^{2} + 38\,n^{2} x^{3} + 10\,n^{2} x^{4} - n^{3} - 4\,n^{3} x - 6\,n^{3} x^{2} - 4\,n^{3} x^{3} - n^{3} x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-3}'(x) + \left(-30 - 56\,x - 24\,x^{2} + 26\,n + 52\,n x + 24\,n x^{2} - 6\,n^{2} - 12\,n^{2} x - 6\,n^{2} x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-8 - 34\,x - 46\,x^{2} - 20\,x^{3} + 13\,n + 48\,n x + 59\,n x^{2} + 24\,n x^{3} - 6\,n^{2} - 21\,n^{2} x - 24\,n^{2} x^{2} - 9\,n^{2} x^{3} + n^{3} + 3\,n^{3} x + 3\,n^{3} x^{2} + n^{3} x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-2}'(x) + \left(10 + 16\,x - 12\,n - 16\,n x + 4\,n^{2} + 4\,n^{2} x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-8 - 18\,x - 10\,x^{2} + 5\,n + 12\,n x + 7\,n x^{2} - n^{2} - 2\,n^{2} x - n^{2} x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{2}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{3}(x) = 5 + 2\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13Pn(1)
10
211
3527
42522350
5144214844446
69612108153337654983
773132168823913116162105666641
862525236262354588264036974801427471029172
95937362742780525002453272763020680906900112560817953964
10620436934004952795201781028160247935025536538104928977010054569348729117
1170795717450109518124746009019679292041932252915120879519047034684210403042410008837107461728747
12876281825635086751020394846717380824344084555682208536199253238191006766796451729936126541979110976195011174388094150
1311697961960953088149623485366887567532474014961065232266400102982947420668914208879631512543224094211913024166240903301314294388124420270426570
14167578760337151759436002062331199976791532472109796825056470172310286033246604762325892778009513469925427808544359832860614617383881002346674072711705851184813120788724892531
1525647294694092557495847834011666204027181932186953914086059814948353089078868721459641875648731770212353176735280239227184460888485898545693108710240413248572753543275011368238528421833143539976066276309
Technical details
Node id
n-efce7f8a8621accc · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:derivative
Fingerprint
f6-1713a6cc9d7b5cec

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (affine: slope 1, intercept -2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1:       0;
   2:       1;
   3:       5,        2;
   4:      25,       22,        3;
   5:     144,      214,       84,         4;
   6:     961,     2108,     1533,       376,        5;
   7:    7313,    21688,    23913,     11616,     2105,        6;
   8:   62525,   236262,   354588,    264036,    97480,    14274,       7;
   9:  593736,  2742780,  5250024,   5327276,  3020680,   906900,  112560,       8;
  10: 6204369, 34004952, 79520178, 102816024, 79350255, 36538104, 9289770, 1005456, 9;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (2*n-4)*P(n,x) = -(2*n^3-18*n^2+58*n-66+(6*n^3-60*n^2+198*n-216)*x+(6*n^3-66*n^2+222*n-234)*x^2+(2*n^3-24*n^2+82*n-84)*x^3)*P(n-3,x) - (n^3-8*n^2+23*n-24+(4*n^3-34*n^2+100*n-102)*x+(6*n^3-54*n^2+162*n-162)*x^2+(4*n^3-38*n^2+116*n-114)*x^3+(n^3-10*n^2+31*n-30)*x^4)*d/dx P(n-3,x) - (6*n^2-26*n+30+(12*n^2-52*n+56)*x+(6*n^2-24*n+24)*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (n^3-6*n^2+13*n-8+(3*n^3-21*n^2+48*n-34)*x+(3*n^3-24*n^2+59*n-46)*x^2+(n^3-9*n^2+24*n-20)*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (4*n^2-12*n+10+(4*n^2-16*n+16)*x)*P(n-1,x) - (n^2-5*n+8+(2*n^2-12*n+18)*x+(n^2-7*n+10)*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 4, with P(1,x) = 0, P(2,x) = 1, P(3,x) = 5 + 2*x.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 0;
P[2, x_] := 1;
P[3, x_] := 5 + 2*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[(-(2*n^3 - 18*n^2 + 58*n - 66 + (6*n^3 - 60*n^2 + 198*n - 216)*x + (6*n^3 - 66*n^2 + 222*n - 234)*x^2 + (2*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 82*n - 84)*x^3)*P[n - 3, x] - (n^3 - 8*n^2 + 23*n - 24 + (4*n^3 - 34*n^2 + 100*n - 102)*x + (6*n^3 - 54*n^2 + 162*n - 162)*x^2 + (4*n^3 - 38*n^2 + 116*n - 114)*x^3 + (n^3 - 10*n^2 + 31*n - 30)*x^4)*D[P[n - 3, x], x] - (6*n^2 - 26*n + 30 + (12*n^2 - 52*n + 56)*x + (6*n^2 - 24*n + 24)*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (n^3 - 6*n^2 + 13*n - 8 + (3*n^3 - 21*n^2 + 48*n - 34)*x + (3*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 59*n - 46)*x^2 + (n^3 - 9*n^2 + 24*n - 20)*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (4*n^2 - 12*n + 10 + (4*n^2 - 16*n + 16)*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (n^2 - 5*n + 8 + (2*n^2 - 12*n + 18)*x + (n^2 - 7*n + 10)*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(2*n - 4)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 1; v[3] = 5 + 2*x; for(n = 4, N, my(i = n); v[i] = (-(2*n^3 - 18*n^2 + 58*n - 66 + (6*n^3 - 60*n^2 + 198*n - 216)*x + (6*n^3 - 66*n^2 + 222*n - 234)*x^2 + (2*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 82*n - 84)*x^3)*v[i - 3] - (n^3 - 8*n^2 + 23*n - 24 + (4*n^3 - 34*n^2 + 100*n - 102)*x + (6*n^3 - 54*n^2 + 162*n - 162)*x^2 + (4*n^3 - 38*n^2 + 116*n - 114)*x^3 + (n^3 - 10*n^2 + 31*n - 30)*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 3], x) - (6*n^2 - 26*n + 30 + (12*n^2 - 52*n + 56)*x + (6*n^2 - 24*n + 24)*x^2)*v[i - 2] + (n^3 - 6*n^2 + 13*n - 8 + (3*n^3 - 21*n^2 + 48*n - 34)*x + (3*n^3 - 24*n^2 + 59*n - 46)*x^2 + (n^3 - 9*n^2 + 24*n - 20)*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (4*n^2 - 12*n + 10 + (4*n^2 - 16*n + 16)*x)*v[i - 1] - (n^2 - 5*n + 8 + (2*n^2 - 12*n + 18)*x + (n^2 - 7*n + 10)*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(2*n - 4)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
  2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  3. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.
  4. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023