A099097 → x ↦ x−9

OEIS matches ?

No OEIS matches.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

Triangle begins:
   1:              1;
   2:            -27,             3;
   3:            720,          -161,              9;
   4:         -19197,          6453,           -723,           27;
   5:         511839,       -229653,          38638,        -2889,            81;
   6:      -13646880,       7658874,       -1719225,       192951,        -10827,         243;
   7:      363859209,    -245151522,       68818302,    -10302713,        867564,      -38961,         729;
   8:    -9701376723,    7628091975,    -2570416821,    481172373,     -54041973,     3641625,     -136323,     2187;
   9:   258662438640, -232492390587,    91421013852, -20541361815,    2884539601,  -259231581,    14560074,  -467289,     6561;
  10: -6896573452773, 6974927657271, -3135082702401, 821978842383, -138539104542, 15566054892, -1165948209, 56141019, -1576827, 19683;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(27-3*x)*P(n-1,x) - (9-x)*P(n-2,x) for n >= 3, with P(1,x) = 1, P(2,x) = -27 + 3*x.

P[1, x_] := 1;
P[2, x_] := -27 + 3*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(27 - 3*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (9 - x)*P[n - 2, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = -27 + 3*x; for(n = 3, N, my(i = n); v[i] = -(27 - 3*x)*v[i - 1] - (9 - x)*v[i - 2]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Proved properties

• Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (77/9, 9]
  Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
  by the cited steps: e-0c114df991087062
• Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n(-x) have one sign
  All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
  derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-0c114df991087062
• Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 2
  The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
  by the cited steps: e-0c114df991087062

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

• preserver_image affine, shift 0 e-0c114df991087062

  Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?

  • premise (sequence): Riordan array (1, 3+x).
    uses: Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-4/9, 0]
    • theorem_check ma_wang_interval e-09c939a271fe525a root: theorem check

      Ma–Wang interval theorem [MW08, Thm 2, Cor 3] RealRooted RealRooted.affineEndpointStep_closed ?

Used in 1 proof step

• e-2d0268d4f6f3cbee basis_map (A038291) → Riordan array (1, 3+x).

Related sequences ?

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

1. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741