A038279 → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(8 + x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 9 + x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8Pn(1)
09110
17217190
2576208251810
3460822404083317290
43686422528550467241165610
529491221708866560108801000491590490
6235929620316167495681536001888013925715314410
718874368186122248028160197836830464030016184865147829690

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-e3ab0b197a84a529 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:obreschkoff_combination
Fingerprint
f6-3d5efa0e2f3a3ce6

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (affine: slope 1, intercept 1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:          9,          1;
  1:         72,         17,         1;
  2:        576,        208,        25,         1;
  3:       4608,       2240,       408,        33,        1;
  4:      36864,      22528,      5504,       672,       41,       1;
  5:     294912,     217088,     66560,     10880,     1000,      49,      1;
  6:    2359296,    2031616,    749568,    153600,    18880,    1392,     57,     1;
  7:   18874368,   18612224,   8028160,   1978368,   304640,   30016,   1848,    65,    1;
  8:  150994944,  167772160,  82837504,  23855104,  4415488,  544768,  44800,  2368,   73,  1;
  9: 1207959552, 1493172224, 830472192, 273678336, 59179008, 8773632, 903168, 63744, 2952, 81, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (8+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 9 + x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 9 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(8 + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 9 + x; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (8 + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-8868d67f2610da37

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  4. [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
  5. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  6. [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.