A290319 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-2 + 2\,x + 4\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1224
21216432
3120184728384
4168028161376256166144
5302405404830400736080032122880
66652801249536776896222720323202304642949120
717297280338184962269836873445121285760124544627212882575360
85189184001049149440748588032265732096532618246307840437248163842562642411520
91764322560036708917760275502919681053206732823423662083209902082748211214315524147251295126814720
1067044257280014302253260801120328930304455319142400110074050560168823603201686300672109363200443904010240010243805072588800
112815858805760061410348840960499142657249282136406184140855337484083209292072345601045893488647965855744405166080131788802478082048167423193907200
1212952950506496002881193222799360241887692102860810825753761546242972805504655365381102960640066695245168645756080619523456935116814165606403775692858982440968036313307545600
136476475253248000014665025124126720012670623249702912058966522649788416170291782755860483285112581251072441098285056000421194521313282879683682304139966734336472096768010500505613844488192417888291992371200
1434972966367539200008048643072093388800713543705732210688034376046880826327041037508672181223424211454435938729984303895325555261443156646985203712239741823107072133175710187525348657233921511220838428477030432112641638423401744351572787200

Generated b-files: A047053 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-de50e58c7c589630 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-f8baf88ce86e36d7

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:           2,           2;
  2:          12,          16,           4;
  3:         120,         184,          72,           8;
  4:        1680,        2816,        1376,         256,         16;
  5:       30240,       54048,       30400,        7360,        800,        32;
  6:      665280,     1249536,      776896,      222720,      32320,      2304,       64;
  7:    17297280,    33818496,    22698368,     7344512,    1285760,    124544,     6272,     128;
  8:   518918400,  1049149440,   748588032,   265732096,   53261824,   6307840,   437248,   16384,   256;
  9: 17643225600, 36708917760, 27550291968, 10532067328, 2342366208, 320990208, 27482112, 1431552, 41472, 512;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (4*n-2+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(4*n - 2 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (4*n - 2 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-9ff929e0a001a9a2
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-9ff929e0a001a9a2
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-9ff929e0a001a9a2

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (3)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003