Real-rooted atlas

A193685 → (θ+1)²

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernelinterlacing (weak)

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-20 - 20\,x + 9\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-10\,x + 20\,x^{2} + 4\,x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-2}'(x) + \left(-x^{2} + 4\,x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-2}''(x) + \left(9 + 4\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(2\,x - 4\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 5 + 4\,x\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1549
22544978
312536416216667
462526841953416255703
53125186041971068008753649150
6156251241241798298944018500162049429187
77812580724415380821035216306250428402744643810565
83906255155964125828731101609643737758694008849443528134481660
919531253249828499681030110498320565766251499223621567841678086561100318530873
109765625202802204770888349106119728068184325023139270044130723483072029767595001213007158147
11488281251255875724585252340298600464167794710000329578128080038912811560876899836555005001331014429034260452
122441406257730566844437933841938928485737685558712525441821952001329020492824327114242761048621933250080525518144169286813034045
13122070312547359963564323947464750792133764240909536002375565026498036206329131008465511720966668263602611525200354711501248624241671962899421232133
146103515625289042593884237419217126969129767179209423533028000695999682378030386842856378281051750401456037540101679377700012720127426219158418762383155622529996367954510
Technical details
Node id
n-dc8f50f1096d4688 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:theta_plus_one_squared
Fingerprint
f6-cb8812631db0f14b

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:       1;
  1:       5,        4;
  2:      25,       44,        9;
  3:     125,      364,      162,        16;
  4:     625,     2684,     1953,       416,       25;
  5:    3125,    18604,    19710,      6800,      875,       36;
  6:   15625,   124124,   179829,     89440,    18500,     1620,      49;
  7:   78125,   807244,  1538082,   1035216,   306250,    42840,    2744,     64;
  8:  390625,  5155964, 12582873,  11016096,  4373775,   869400,   88494,   4352,   81;
  9: 1953125, 32498284, 99681030, 110498320, 56576625, 14992236, 2156784, 167808, 6561, 100;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(20+20*x-9*x^2)*P(n-2,x) - (10*x-20*x^2-4*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) - (x^2-4*x^3)*d^2/dx^2 P(n-2,x) + (9+4*x)*P(n-1,x) + (2*x-4*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 5 + 4*x.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 5 + 4*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(20 + 20*x - 9*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] - (10*x - 20*x^2 - 4*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] - (x^2 - 4*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], {x, 2}] + (9 + 4*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (2*x - 4*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 5 + 4*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(20 + 20*x - 9*x^2)*v[i - 2] - (10*x - 20*x^2 - 4*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) - (x^2 - 4*x^3)*deriv(deriv(v[i - 2], x), x) + (9 + 4*x)*v[i - 1] + (2*x - 4*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  8. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.