A038319 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(16 + 5\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 256 + 160\,x + 25\,x^{2}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16Pn(1)
025616025441
14096384012001259261
26553681920384008000625194481
31048576163840010240003200005000031254084101
41677721631457280245760001024000024000003000001562585766121
526843545658720256055050240028672000089600000168000001750000781251801088541
642949672961073741824011744051200734003200028672000007168000001120000001000000039062537822859361
76871947673619327352832024159191040017616076800082575360000258048000005376000000720000000562500001953125794280046581
810995116277763435973836800483183820800040265318400002202009600000825753600000215040000000384000000004500000000312500000976562516679880978201
91759218604441660473139527680944892805120008858370048000055364812800000242221056000007569408000000168960000000026400000000027500000000171875000048828125350277500542221
1028147497671065610555311626649601814194185830400188978561024000013287555072000006643777536000002422210560000006488064000000012672000000000176000000000016500000000093750000002441406257355827511386641
1145035996273704961829587348619264034304762786611200393075406929920003070901616640000017273821593600000719742566400000022491955200000005271552000000009152000000000011440000000000975000000000507812500001220703125154472377739119461
12720575940379279363152519739159347206403555720167424008004444650209280006878819621273600004299262263296000002015279185920000007197425664000000019680460800000000410009600000000064064000000000072800000000000568750000000027343750000061035156253243919932521508681
131152921504606846976540431955284459520011821949021847552000160088893004185600001500833371914240000010318229431910400000537407782912000000021592276992000000006747586560000000001640038400000000003075072000000000043680000000000004550000000000003281250000000014648437500003051757812568122318582951682301
14184467440737095516169223372036854775808021617278211378380800031525197391593472000032017778600837120000024013333950627840000013757639242547200000061418032332800000000215922769920000000005997854720000000000131203072000000000022364160000000000029120000000000000280000000000000018750000000000078125000000001525878906251430568690241985328321

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-dba956a9ceeed98f · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-833b492313a93e6e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:            256,            160,             25;
  1:           4096,           3840,           1200,            125;
  2:          65536,          81920,          38400,           8000,            625;
  3:        1048576,        1638400,        1024000,         320000,          50000,           3125;
  4:       16777216,       31457280,       24576000,       10240000,        2400000,         300000,         15625;
  5:      268435456,      587202560,      550502400,      286720000,       89600000,       16800000,       1750000,         78125;
  6:     4294967296,    10737418240,    11744051200,     7340032000,     2867200000,      716800000,     112000000,      10000000,       390625;
  7:    68719476736,   193273528320,   241591910400,   176160768000,    82575360000,    25804800000,    5376000000,     720000000,     56250000,     1953125;
  8:  1099511627776,  3435973836800,  4831838208000,  4026531840000,  2202009600000,   825753600000,  215040000000,   38400000000,   4500000000,   312500000,    9765625;
  9: 17592186044416, 60473139527680, 94489280512000, 88583700480000, 55364812800000, 24222105600000, 7569408000000, 1689600000000, 264000000000, 27500000000, 1718750000, 48828125;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (16+5*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 256 + 160*x + 25*x^2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 256 + 160*x + 25*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(16 + 5*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 256 + 160*x + 25*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (16 + 5*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-eb35900dd666694f
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-eb35900dd666694f
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-eb35900dd666694f

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003