A225470 → basis A013610 → basis A007318

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:           6,            3;
  2:          54,           45,            9;
  3:         648,          702,          243,          27;
  4:        9720,        12474,         5751,        1134,          81;
  5:      174960,       253692,       140940,       37665,        4860,        243;
  6:     3674160,      5852412,      3720816,     1213785,      215055,      19683,       729;
  7:    88179840,    151480368,    106856820,    40293288,     8802675,    1117557,     76545,     2187;
  8:  2380855680,   4354509456,   3339575244,  1408489236,   358552089,   56582064,   5419386,   288684,    6561;
  9: 71425670400, 137777850720, 113250785688, 52273402812, 14982030378, 2773118187, 332327772, 24918678, 1062882, 19683;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (3*n+3+3*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(3*n + 3 + 3*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (3*n + 3 + 3*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, -1]
  by Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Geometric basis map (elementary), Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Geometric basis map (elementary), Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Geometric basis map (elementary), Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Geometric basis map (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

• Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A013610 of Triangle read by rows, s_3(n, k) where s_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius cycle numbers of order…?
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows, s_3(n, k) where s_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius cycle numbers of order m; n >= 0, k >= 0.?
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 3*x)^(-1/3), (-1/3)*log(1 - 3*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
            • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
            • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
            • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
            • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from basis-map coefficients of Triangle read by rows: BellMatrix(Product_{p in P(n)} p), where P(n) = {k : k mod m = 1 and 1…?
                • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
            • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from basis-map coefficients of Triangle read by rows: BellMatrix(Product_{p in P(n)} p), where P(n) = {k : k mod m = 1 and 1…?
                • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
            • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from basis-map coefficients of Triangle read by rows: BellMatrix(Product_{p in P(n)} p), where P(n) = {k : k mod m = 1 and 1…?
                • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 3*x)^(-1/3), (-1/3)*log(1 - 3*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
            • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
            • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
            • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
            • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
            • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
            • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
        • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
        • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 3*x)^(-1/3), (-1/3)*log(1 - 3*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
            • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
            • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
            • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
            • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
            • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
            • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows, s_3(n, k) where s_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius cycle numbers of order m; n >= 0, k >= 0.?
        • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
        • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
        • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
        • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
• Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A013610 of Triangle read by rows, s_3(n, k) where s_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius cycle numbers of order…?
    • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)
    • ↑ Geometric basis map (elementary) (above)

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A028338 → basis A013609 → x ↦ x+1
• A136124: Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = (-1)^(n+k)*Sum_{j=1..k} s(n,j), where s(n,j) are the signed Stirling numbers o…
• A225471 → basis A013611 → basis A007318
• A143491 → reverse
• Unsigned 2-Stirling numbers of the first kind.
• A145324: Triangle read by rows: coefficients of 1; 1(X+2); 1(X+2)(X+3); 1(X+2)(X+3)(X+4); ....

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.