A178821 → Veronese 2 → basis A013611

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:      1;
  1:      5;
  2:     30,      60;
  3:    140,     420;
  4:    560,    2240,    1120;
  5:   2016,   10080,   10080;
  6:   6720,   40320,   60480,   13440;
  7:  21120,  147840,  295680,  147840;
  8:  63360,  506880, 1267200, 1013760,  126720;
  9: 183040, 1647360, 4942080, 5491200, 1647360;

The row polynomials satisfy ((1/2)*n^2-(1/2)*n)*P(n,x) = (2*n^2+14*n+24)*x*P(n-2,x) + (n^2+3*n-4)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 5.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 5;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n^2 + 14*n + 24)*x*P[n - 2, x] + (n^2 + 3*n - 4)*P[n - 1, x])/((1/2)*n^2 - (1/2)*n)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 5; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n^2 + 14*n + 24)*x*v[i - 2] + (n^2 + 3*n - 4)*v[i - 1])/((1/2)*n^2 - (1/2)*n)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Geometric basis map (elementary)
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Geometric basis map (elementary)
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Geometric basis map (elementary)
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Geometric basis map (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

• Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

  • from veronese_section_2_0 of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n+4,4) * binomial(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
    • Veronese sections of Pólya frequency sequences [ASW52; Edr53; AW24] polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n+4,4) * binomial(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
        • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

          • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n+4,4) * binomial(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
            • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
            • ↑ Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) (above)
            • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

              • from Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n+4,4) * binomial(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
                • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
                • ↑ Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) (above)
                • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
            • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
        • ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A034807: Triangle T(n,k) of coefficients of Lucas (or Cardan) polynomials.
• A038208 → Veronese 2 → basis A013611
• A113214: Riordan array (1+2x,x(1+x)).
• A034839 → basis A013611
• reversal of Riordan array (1+2x,x(1+x)).
• A178820 → Veronese 2 → basis A013611
• A178822 → Veronese 2 → basis A013611
• A119462 → basis A013611
• A228955 → basis A013611
• basis-map coefficients of A113214, shifted → Veronese 2 → basis A013611
• A028326 → Veronese 2 → basis A013611

References

1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
7. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.