Real-rooted atlas

A166973 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in [−1, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + 13\,x + 22\,x^{2} + 10\,x^{3} - 5\,n x - 10\,n x^{2} - 5\,n x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(5\,x + 15\,x^{2} + 15\,x^{3} + 5\,x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
111
2123
319919
414610763217
51263102412975363121
61156091401885516580530751443
7193378023524306034306523129260389967379
8155994714489301365560857856484472352983377598820660217
913359316571482372503031008982951509236671283740725839633911062391493812481
1012015548628801944659605871623717311319455435737727143362662642783103850015917263872712995624003
1111209324562516900559285030102583976911064208443739987230921409610019676057879146620197394594952921519374371977392499
12172559422641731569576807119995410915336930125520377898424136396705183039073095565251278749734013186448772103992633206645322170997311486046282297
131435356479674704174441013514530885657387910937024221114073694566751816565568864599576444694347538252595677214648685403146047735053485593430575961037320865141380323735303281
141261213881672127748083213628412024943106299533559790465810988057559130020655438888424568672182538783231745567833067297468333139878018846204556186147848412869197041937576382632532151717835076213434702054288883
1511567283283377956089318391868829323943521742882346486711898477581637421429467381331116587659141606716705961041924094053219531180690913498896799563845398848969954188402297416542204374495850053114615906282958673472862758184789503918470047073779
Technical details
Node id
n-cc25565e2845506e · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-858cdd3e8972ee84

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1: 1;
   2: 1,       2;
   3: 1,       9,        9;
   4: 1,      46,      107,        63;
   5: 1,     263,     1024,      1297,        536;
   6: 1,    1560,     9140,     18855,      16580,       5307;
   7: 1,    9337,    80235,    243060,     343065,     231292,      60389;
   8: 1,   55994,   714489,   3013655,    6085785,    6484472,    3529833,     775988;
   9: 1,  335931,  6571482,  37250303,  100898295,  150923667,  128374072,   58396339,   11062391;
  10: 1, 2015548, 62880194, 465960587, 1623717311, 3194554357, 3772714336, 2662642783, 1038500159, 172638727;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+x)*P(n,x) = (1-(5*n-13)*x-(10*n-22)*x^2-(5*n-10)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + (5*x+15*x^2+15*x^3+5*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((1 - (5*n - 13)*x - (10*n - 22)*x^2 - (5*n - 10)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + (5*x + 15*x^2 + 15*x^3 + 5*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((1 - (5*n - 13)*x - (10*n - 22)*x^2 - (5*n - 10)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + (5*x + 15*x^2 + 15*x^3 + 5*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.