Real-rooted atlas

A322944 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in [−1, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 + 5\,x + 12\,x^{2} + 6\,x^{3} + n - n x - 5\,n x^{2} - 3\,n x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(3\,x + 9\,x^{2} + 9\,x^{3} + 3\,x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
111
2123
3210921
465610960231
524368114813165133369
61202800123402200017625528660171
772024240140680345760426190261006634171262013
850402352001718920544992091755308596952424840586582430295791
940320252672022547840884150401904263202424372161826238967548890413229505817735761
103628802975616031703616014933139203946751760639653078465247248084100457888145451960122333645824486790419
1136288003810240004765219200263906720008315740720016460763312021304244920018085032128097343048250302053288504123226601804869958501
12399168005269017600763275744004889344768001798255104800422453879232066566892946407152859869760519090500907024404410522806723858397418255953069228789205478903
13479001600782369280001298812838400949893288960040119409052800109521140368640204182709561600266509706154560244385158041640154688222855760644970559650121596796615710017805808926091112528410707321
146227020800124125281280023408409024000193406576563200926025109609600289035956040832062429673020915209619943995376000106971561985230808543897430994640479077464138015617932205641952164028566388601694112514615915046166389053018651
15871782912002095184931840044558277603840041227652514048002214373589267840078018229954945280192114433069919360342245018013458560448548614116723120433872551518566160306653664172719864154222484434925088523411238667861181075742802655176610121879760135932046518858098340109
Technical details
Node id
n-ca9201046a9bc3ad · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-d851b6adf34abcee

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1:      1;
   2:      1,        2;
   3:      2,       10,         9;
   4:      6,       56,       109,         60;
   5:     24,      368,      1148,       1316,        513;
   6:    120,     2800,     12340,      22000,      17625,       5286;
   7:    720,    24240,    140680,     345760,     426190,     261006,      63417;
   8:   5040,   235200,   1718920,    5449920,    9175530,    8596952,    4248405,     865824;
   9:  40320,  2526720,  22547840,   88415040,  190426320,  242437216,  182623896,   75488904,   13229505;
  10: 362880, 29756160, 317036160, 1493313920, 3946751760, 6396530784, 6524724808, 4100457888, 1454519601, 223336458;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+x)*P(n,x) = (n-1-(n-5)*x-(5*n-12)*x^2-(3*n-6)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + (3*x+9*x^2+9*x^3+3*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n - 1 - (n - 5)*x - (5*n - 12)*x^2 - (3*n - 6)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + (3*x + 9*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 3*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((n - 1 - (n - 5)*x - (5*n - 12)*x^2 - (3*n - 6)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + (3*x + 9*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 3*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.