A290319 → x ↦ x+1 → θ+1

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Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:           2,           2;
  2:          12,          16,           3;
  3:         120,         184,          54,          4;
  4:        1680,        2816,        1032,        128,         5;
  5:       30240,       54048,       22800,       3680,       250,        6;
  6:      665280,     1249536,      582672,     111360,     10100,      432,       7;
  7:    17297280,    33818496,    17023776,    3672256,    401800,    23352,     686,     8;
  8:   518918400,  1049149440,   561441024,  132866048,  16644320,  1182720,   47824,  1024,    9;
  9: 17643225600, 36708917760, 20662718976, 5266033664, 731989440, 60185664, 3005856, 89472, 1458, 10;

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(16*n^2-48*n+36+(8*n-12)*x+x^2)*P(n-2,x) + (8*n-8+2*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + 2*x.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 2 + 2*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(16*n^2 - 48*n + 36 + (8*n - 12)*x + x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + (8*n - 8 + 2*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + 2*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(16*n^2 - 48*n + 36 + (8*n - 12)*x + x^2)*v[i - 2] + (8*n - 8 + 2*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences

Proof chains ? JSON

• Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A007318 of Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A …?
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
        • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
    • Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
        • ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
        • ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
        • ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.