A225470 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(x + 3\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1314
2189128
316299181280
4194413503153013640
52916022194607576545158240
65248804286521315441984515756311106560
7110224809526572319107654828952920289884124344320
82645395202396602088611239616350012181836912247249141081608608000
97142567040673536513625646949005275627206544597551251132551507830135117041024000
102142770112002092035211208367621213618391576500249094197021919936512779613490050118801651528271744000
1170711413696007117993208160297051852160869059823663610059266151097245210156409265942895126388209017325198117961239296000
12254561089305600263318896863360114056659986048278320550405044311934050996450675418050327978783991683172062607065031505790244532341664565853952000
1399278824829184001052399806697664047115286363192321199506806565704195997483029348218882753549461729792675611984415888174050725679119432313245945733579273126582634158080000
144169710642825728004519358012959372802084082007923843845509081451207880094314010937983201115305047937080945395677306085864339405925268572067335906688282522272950738697754504531511143053268797440000

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-b6cbf920aaa38713 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
Fingerprint
f6-bc84b3931f09589a

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:          3,          1;
  2:         18,          9,          1;
  3:        162,         99,         18,         1;
  4:       1944,       1350,        315,        30,        1;
  5:      29160,      22194,       6075,       765,       45,       1;
  6:     524880,     428652,     131544,     19845,     1575,      63,      1;
  7:   11022480,    9526572,    3191076,    548289,    52920,    2898,     84,    1;
  8:  264539520,  239660208,   86112396,  16350012,  1818369,  122472,   4914,  108,   1;
  9: 7142567040, 6735365136, 2564694900, 527562720, 65445975, 5125113, 255150, 7830, 135, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (3*n+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(3*n + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (3*n + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-b2419cddc44d1315
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-b2419cddc44d1315
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-b2419cddc44d1315

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003