Real-rooted atlas

A172431 → basis A007318 → D

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, −1]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(1 - 3\,n + 2\,n^{2}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 - x - 8\,n - 7\,n x + 8\,n^{2} + 6\,n^{2} x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-5\,n - 9\,n x - 4\,n x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 2\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13Pn(1)
00
122
210616
338441294
413022212020492
5420948768260302426
613083672397220444904211528
7397013332180601252046208405653398
811822462187526465740329409324134472242724
93469015475629448031058019715076320173042040901087410
101006105043541098324135814010451705151301607763009629701104815680
1128903216084563945216559791250664603038448121290431442449698418013221126862
128238005039280137478002201860022923100162141007902440263120057915078650572015691963996
13233241815555720467235608338120098179200800629204614456018818280534105010153001201207644182397682154
1465662904741956615550080030598180040210800037156140024741948011961540041704650102602501707420177996100102101710033272
Technical details
Node id
n-b68a63e51672af5d · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:shift_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-53addaa3581bd24f

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:     0;
  1:     2;
  2:    10,      6;
  3:    38,     44,     12;
  4:   130,    222,    120,     20;
  5:   420,    948,    768,    260,     30;
  6:  1308,   3672,   3972,   2044,    490,    42;
  7:  3970,  13332,  18060,  12520,   4620,   840,    56;
  8: 11822,  46218,  75264,  65740,  32940,  9324,  1344,   72;
  9: 34690, 154756, 294480, 310580, 197150, 76320, 17304, 2040, 90;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (2*n^2-3*n+1)*P(n,x) = (8*n^2-8*n-1+(6*n^2-7*n-1)*x)*P(n-1,x) - (5*n+9*n*x+4*n*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((8*n^2 - 8*n - 1 + (6*n^2 - 7*n - 1)*x)*P[n - 1, x] - (5*n + 9*n*x + 4*n*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(2*n^2 - 3*n + 1)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((8*n^2 - 8*n - 1 + (6*n^2 - 7*n - 1)*x)*v[i - 1] - (5*n + 9*n*x + 4*n*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(2*n^2 - 3*n + 1)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [Fav35] Jean Favard. Sur les polynômes de tchebicheff. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 200:2052–2053, 1935.
  2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  3. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.
  4. [Sze39] G. Szegő. Orthogonal Polynomials. Colloquium publications, American Mathematical Society, 1939. doi:10.1090/coll/023