A131222 → x ↦ x+1

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, −1]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel interlacing (weak)

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-4 + 6\,n - 2\,n^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-2 + x + 3\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + x\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	x⁴	x⁵	x⁶	x⁷	x⁸	x⁹	x¹⁰	x¹¹	x¹²	x¹³	x¹⁴	P_n(1)
0	1															1
1	1	1														2
2	4	5	1													10
3	24	35	12	1												72
4	192	314	143	22	1											672
5	1920	3434	1885	405	35	1										7680
6	23040	44304	27874	7485	925	51	1									103680
7	322560	658776	460810	145789	22960	1834	70	1								1612800
8	5160960	11094096	8455180	3039428	573209	59024	3290	92	1							28385280
9	92897280	208730448	170862876	68112512	14798133	1843401	133434	5478	117	1						557383680
10	1857945600	4339800000	3775345056	1640335580	399918140	57913905	5105793	273570	8610	145	1					12076646400
11	40874803200	98820264960	90620179056	42365495876	11374133980	1863437015	192175368	12600423	519420	12925	176	1				286123622400
12	980995276800	2446007811840	2349330440544	1170173211240	341104060396	61989933390	7274125067	560404350	28366503	926970	18689	210	1			7357464576000
13	25505877196800	65394734365440	65447506841184	34461248345160	10788252075172	2142784223866	280398263717	24682574345	1472838081	59252193	1571999	26195	247	1		204047017574400
14	714164561510400	1878140814520320	1950303910563072	1078803398740704	359566864508488	77158761812132	11089187751642	1092855080317	74745748649	3553711161	116301185	2554279	35763	287	1	6070398772838400

Technical details

Node id: n-b515d243eac1bbcc · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:shift_x_plus_one
Fingerprint: f6-3b4ae450e7acb7e5

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:        1;
  1:        1,         1;
  2:        4,         5,         1;
  3:       24,        35,        12,        1;
  4:      192,       314,       143,       22,        1;
  5:     1920,      3434,      1885,      405,       35,       1;
  6:    23040,     44304,     27874,     7485,      925,      51,      1;
  7:   322560,    658776,    460810,   145789,    22960,    1834,     70,    1;
  8:  5160960,  11094096,   8455180,  3039428,   573209,   59024,   3290,   92,   1;
  9: 92897280, 208730448, 170862876, 68112512, 14798133, 1843401, 133434, 5478, 117, 1;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(2*n^2-6*n+4)*P(n-2,x) + (3*n-2+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 1 + x.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 1 + x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(2*n^2 - 6*n + 4)*P[n - 2, x] + (3*n - 2 + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 1 + x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(2*n^2 - 6*n + 4)*v[i - 2] + (3*n - 2 + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, -1]
by Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary)
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary), Geometric basis map (elementary)
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary), Geometric basis map (elementary)
Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Geometric basis map (elementary)
Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
by Geometric basis map (elementary)

Proof chains ? JSON

Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- from Exponential Riordan array [1, log((1-x)/(1-2x))].?
  - Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences [LW07, Thm 2.1, Thm 2.3, Cor 2.4, Prop 3.3] polytool ? step › direct check
Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- from Exponential Riordan array [1, log((1-x)/(1-2x))].?
  - ↑ Liu–Wang theorem for three-term recurrences (above)

References

[LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003