A103633 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(4 + 3\,x - 3\,n - 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(4 + 6\,x + 2\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1112
22316
3254112
4412136136
541625197172
683666633391216
78441021299642101432

Generated b-files: A026549 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Other recurrences

Image under the basis map A007318 · proved equal for all n (proof step)

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(2 + 3\,x + x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1 + x\)
Technical details
Node id
n-b4a66ef190cb2745 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:shift_x_plus_one
derived:basis_map_A007318 (equal by e-30145a7ad20344a7)
Fingerprint
f6-cd565eb4d46acae6

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:  1;
  1:  1,   1;
  2:  2,   3,   1;
  3:  2,   5,   4,   1;
  4:  4,  12,  13,   6,   1;
  5:  4,  16,  25,  19,   7,   1;
  6:  8,  36,  66,  63,  33,   9,   1;
  7:  8,  44, 102, 129,  96,  42,  10,  1;
  8: 16,  96, 248, 360, 321, 180,  62, 12,  1;
  9: 16, 112, 344, 608, 681, 501, 242, 74, 13, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(3*n-4+(2*n-3)*x)*P(n-1,x) + (4+6*x+2*x^2)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(3*n - 4 + (2*n - 3)*x)*P[n - 1, x] + (4 + 6*x + 2*x^2)*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(3*n - 4 + (2*n - 3)*x)*v[i - 1] + (4 + 6*x + 2*x^2)*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-d5900f5204767b18
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-01d2a4c51ed4f80c, e-d5900f5204767b18
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-01d2a4c51ed4f80c, e-d5900f5204767b18
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-01d2a4c51ed4f80c

Proof chains

3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.