A038259 → basis A013611

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(11 + 20\,x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1112031
2121440400961
31331726013200800029791
414641106480290400352000160000923521
51610511464100532400096800008800000320000028629151
61771561193261208784600021296000029040000021120000064000000887503681
71948717124801854013528284004099480000745360000081312000004928000000128000000027512614111
82143588813117947360198414832007215084800016397920000023851520000021683200000011264000000025600000000852891037441
923579476913858459858028061526240011904889920003246788160000590325120000071554560000005575680000000253440000000051200000000026439622160671
1025937424601471589538200385845985800018707684160000595244496000001298715264000001967750400000002044416000000001393920000000005632000000000010240000000000819628286980801
11285311670611570623341222051874849202000282953722920000102892262880000026190757824000004761955968000000618435840000000056221440000000003407360000000000123904000000000020480000000000025408476896404831
123138428376721684748009466406847480094664004149987936160000169772233752000004938828618240000010476303129600000016326706176000000018553075200000000014992384000000000081776640000000000270336000000000004096000000000000787662783788549761
13345227121439318159913779474608901724123063200593448274870880002697492158504000008828156155104000002140159067904000000389119830528000000053061795072000000005359777280000000000389801984000000000019329024000000000005857280000000000008192000000000000024417546297445042591
14379749833583241966635940030068011423879291264440083082758481923200041541379240961600001510595608762240000041198062057152000000856063627161600000001361919406848000000001650811402240000000001500737638400000000009922232320000000000045101056000000000000126156800000000000001638400000000000000756943935220796320321

Generated b-files: A009975 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-b203eb852c56fa2f · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013611
Fingerprint
f6-590b4d5bb5323b01

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:         11,          20;
  2:        121,         440,          400;
  3:       1331,        7260,        13200,          8000;
  4:      14641,      106480,       290400,        352000,        160000;
  5:     161051,     1464100,      5324000,       9680000,       8800000,       3200000;
  6:    1771561,    19326120,     87846000,     212960000,     290400000,     211200000,      64000000;
  7:   19487171,   248018540,   1352828400,    4099480000,    7453600000,    8131200000,    4928000000,    1280000000;
  8:  214358881,  3117947360,  19841483200,   72150848000,  163979200000,  238515200000,  216832000000,  112640000000,   25600000000;
  9: 2357947691, 38584598580, 280615262400, 1190488992000, 3246788160000, 5903251200000, 7155456000000, 5575680000000, 2534400000000, 512000000000;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (11+20*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(11 + 20*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (11 + 20*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-17e7dceca4b24148
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-17e7dceca4b24148
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-17e7dceca4b24148

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (2)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003