A109692 → basis A013609

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-2\,x + 2\,n + 4\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1224
28201240
348200272120640
4384227249764768168014080
53840296329065613724810262430240394240
646080440064173977636414084250944262060866528013404160
7645120735897635798528962138881541898241472130567744972817297280536166400
8103219201370972167935457282613378048535345382469811036165655587328260024832051891840024663654400
91857945602818695168189451284487402135961618521702246430767729510433915809484823909443891297748974080176432256001282510028800
103715891200634340966404860129853442200342073344651715211468813191792755712184748991109121766989638246411040568160256406732552704067044257280074385581670400
1181749606400155161755648013356517736448688200709980162357917136035845639398294425609605030761799681164683483072512985028147589120553185024325632185577408737280281585880576004760677226905600
121961990553600409993032499203919308332728322266081519828992882472439239475224380974732386304489933059826769927213554509801881677216115763474432585877353729146882990036892867379292123669152972801295295050649600333247405883392000
13510117543936001164081412177920122401668275896327851466117919539234274691019371315210751415626617815042492874692168916992432518947168233881656143962647512760325384086907869503488370679636079125299217345399862314188804942960170817536006476475253248000025326802847137792000
14142832912302080035348914278236160405585067430117376285937952170731110413836705189100519424486122969049903923201278581357644658769922557205385842270044163907633268838820249604539318317169150033923945309911271082721282487341230972073902081075054477347857203202850539799332413440034972966367539200002076797833465298944000

Generated b-files: A049308 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-a6229b8a5ae7f968 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A013609
Fingerprint
f6-d445f8c61d9cb983

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:         1;
  1:         2,          2;
  2:         8,         20,          12;
  3:        48,        200,         272,         120;
  4:       384,       2272,        4976,        4768,         1680;
  5:      3840,      29632,       90656,      137248,       102624,        30240;
  6:     46080,     440064,     1739776,     3641408,      4250944,      2620608,       665280;
  7:    645120,    7358976,    35798528,    96213888,    154189824,    147213056,     77449728,     17297280;
  8:  10321920,  137097216,   793545728,  2613378048,   5353453824,   6981103616,   5655587328,   2600248320,   518918400;
  9: 185794560, 2818695168, 18945128448, 74021359616, 185217022464, 307677295104, 339158094848, 239094438912, 97748974080, 17643225600;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2*n+(4*n-2)*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2*n + (4*n - 2)*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2*n + (4*n - 2)*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-fb7c8bbf92df84a6
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-fb7c8bbf92df84a6
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-fb7c8bbf92df84a6
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-fb7c8bbf92df84a6

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003