Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.
A038331 (tail) nonnegative coefficients only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0) · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel basis map preserves real roots what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 144 | 120 | 25 | 289 | |||||||
| 1 | 1728 | 2160 | 900 | 125 | 4913 | ||||||
| 2 | 20736 | 34560 | 21600 | 6000 | 625 | 83521 | |||||
| 3 | 248832 | 518400 | 432000 | 180000 | 37500 | 3125 | 1419857 | ||||
| 4 | 2985984 | 7464960 | 7776000 | 4320000 | 1350000 | 225000 | 15625 | 24137569 | |||
| 5 | 35831808 | 104509440 | 130636800 | 90720000 | 37800000 | 9450000 | 1312500 | 78125 | 410338673 | ||
| 6 | 429981696 | 1433272320 | 2090188800 | 1741824000 | 907200000 | 302400000 | 63000000 | 7500000 | 390625 | 6975757441 | |
| 7 | 5159780352 | 19349176320 | 32248627200 | 31352832000 | 19595520000 | 8164800000 | 2268000000 | 405000000 | 42187500 | 1953125 | 118587876497 |
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-a5302200d285579d· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
oeis_catalog:A038331- Fingerprint
f6-f055f948fcf55643
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (affine: slope 1, intercept 2)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
- A001026: row sums, 15 terms agree OEIS nonn (row-sum match: finite agreement only) · view at the OEIS
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 144, 120, 25; 1: 1728, 2160, 900, 125; 2: 20736, 34560, 21600, 6000, 625; 3: 248832, 518400, 432000, 180000, 37500, 3125; 4: 2985984, 7464960, 7776000, 4320000, 1350000, 225000, 15625; 5: 35831808, 104509440, 130636800, 90720000, 37800000, 9450000, 1312500, 78125; 6: 429981696, 1433272320, 2090188800, 1741824000, 907200000, 302400000, 63000000, 7500000, 390625; 7: 5159780352, 19349176320, 32248627200, 31352832000, 19595520000, 8164800000, 2268000000, 405000000, 42187500, 1953125; 8: 61917364224, 257989017600, 483729408000, 537477120000, 391910400000, 195955200000, 68040000000, 16200000000, 2531250000, 234375000, 9765625; 9: 743008370688, 3405455032320, 7094697984000, 8868372480000, 7390310400000, 4311014400000, 1796256000000, 534600000000, 111375000000, 15468750000, 1289062500, 48828125;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (12+5*x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 144 + 120*x + 25*x^2.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 144 + 120*x + 25*x^2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(12 + 5*x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 144 + 120*x + 25*x^2; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (12 + 5*x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0)
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-49423b91d6bf9513 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-49423b91d6bf9513,e-b8d4501ecbbc70e3 -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-49423b91d6bf9513,e-b8d4501ecbbc70e3 -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, previous interlaces next) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-49423b91d6bf9513 -
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-b8d4501ecbbc70e3 -
Basis map preserves real-rootedness. Basis map u^k -> P_k sends roots in (-inf, +inf) to roots in (-inf, +inf): every real-rooted input has a real-rooted image (an affine substitution times g)
The linear map sending x^k to the k-th polynomial of the sequence turns polynomials with roots in one interval into real-rooted ones.by the cited steps:
e-ce38127e6f6c296e -
Basis map preserves real-rootedness. Basis map u^k -> P_k sends roots in (-inf, 12] to roots in (-inf, 0]: an input root r <= 12 gives the root (r - a)/d <= 0; a larger root gives a positive root
The linear map sending x^k to the k-th polynomial of the sequence turns polynomials with roots in one interval into real-rooted ones.by the cited steps:
e-ce38127e6f6c296e
Proof chains
3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
-
basis_map_theorem
e-ce38127e6f6c296eroot: theorem checkGeometric basis map (elementary) polytool ?
-
parent_provers periodic_product
e-b8d4501ecbbc70e3root: theorem checkParent-row provers of polytool polytool ?
-
theorem_check liu_wang
e-49423b91d6bf9513root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
Used in 7 proof steps
e-2f341f062a4ee4bebasis_map (A013609) → basis_map_A013609 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-633275fbd6b7b077basis_map (A013610) → basis_map_A013610 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-df900b884626232fbasis_map (A013611) → basis_map_A013611 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-e0432c3ecb510b0fbasis_map (A007318) → basis_map_A007318 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-fd4b406e93b80ec2basis_map (A008277) → basis_map_A008277 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-d496cfbb04db8f55obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.e-d496cfbb04db8f55obreschkoff_combination → obreschkoff_combination of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*12^(i-j)*5^j.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (2)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
References
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003