A391533 → Pₙ + Pₙ₊₁

nonnegative coefficients only rational roots

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 8 + 12\,x + 6\,x^{2} + x^{3}\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14x15x16x17Pn(1)
08126127
1820187154
2828382581108
383666633391216
48441021299642101432
585214623122513852111864
6860198377456363190631211728
7868258575833819553253751313456
8876326833140816521372806328881416912
988440211592241306030242178113441610215113824
10892486156134005301608452023312155051811716127648
118100578204749618701113851128685144862206863513317155296
12810867826257008136622008622671198001337669302703768150181110592
1381167863303963320670337484275742471331762030696333471918168191221184
148124902408912936303035441876505852287564753482299391310443891086187201442368

Generated b-files: A175806 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-9aa9e3dd2403bca2 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:shift_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-0dd3ed80d2a0b395

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 (affine: slope 1, intercept 3)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0: 8, 12,   6,    1;
  1: 8, 20,  18,    7,    1;
  2: 8, 28,  38,   25,    8,    1;
  3: 8, 36,  66,   63,   33,    9,    1;
  4: 8, 44, 102,  129,   96,   42,   10,    1;
  5: 8, 52, 146,  231,  225,  138,   52,   11,    1;
  6: 8, 60, 198,  377,  456,  363,  190,   63,   12,   1;
  7: 8, 68, 258,  575,  833,  819,  553,  253,   75,  13,   1;
  8: 8, 76, 326,  833, 1408, 1652, 1372,  806,  328,  88,  14,  1;
  9: 8, 84, 402, 1159, 2241, 3060, 3024, 2178, 1134, 416, 102, 15, 1;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (1+x)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 8 + 12*x + 6*x^2 + x^3.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 8 + 12*x + 6*x^2 + x^3;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(1 + x)*P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 8 + 12*x + 6*x^2 + x^3; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (1 + x)*v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-56c62e2300be82c0
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-09b769bb10417be2, e-56c62e2300be82c0
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-09b769bb10417be2, e-56c62e2300be82c0
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-09b769bb10417be2
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, +inf)
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-0331d381cbbd8a41

Proof chains

3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [Fis06] Steve Fisk. Polynomials, roots, and interlacing. arXiv:math/0612833. arXiv
  2. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  3. [Obr63] Nikola Obreschkoff. Verteilung und berechnung der nullstellen reeller polynome. Hochschulbücher für mathematik, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1963.