Real-rooted atlas

A035342 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in [−1, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + 4\,x + 4\,x^{2} + x^{3} + 2\,n + 3\,n x - n x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(x + 3\,x^{2} + 3\,x^{3} + x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
011
1347
215392579
31054025072111225
4945475588807305223624121
5103956462015921019456511805028471575311
6135135998235304699549242904447695213019842289916105447
720270251732311062966925126303975151106865107889600425894497173580517380529
8344594253341132551407382830336664471550055771154739385735279191833293594404713675005118752175505
96547290757095778200339569496009424551622516728358153519702357636515404213601077122427985224429599352893057381756760712311
10137493105751646185983758815539521252782394307000573505569945080700951003757854262020990522238707837022710249856805833927035756724181887633645775575391
1131623414322541433367090502453525327137586728655734875203441958408150332657128049400387045546821010320531949394965185211564666480711321548496901634549656594817028291382091633792107752377
1279058535806251124702665836757294099868055002853138805642125750030128482635013965049638990450188907464438292601871130937650975013472180432342775687792397197048023638187958485104911299190843244665918154778586022043957561609
13213458046676875327566112163290023082484172898150989451909729533252879842936856886006012105700327476759264835129815064801067370071755617630919521117764314065585158489943357330267421988764020090831266416598392321575500741387090713752373428270764880923725657950335
14619028335362937510189862044249387577501961606406837536116703453057727501152531375810377062526651314813526102700460677497020657166256048365989940394120060625368990833221575461759990735362369052631239912099271973510879045290888883290308562836241037696553746198904776591543380198327693361296882100064302393271
Technical details
Node id
n-9a85740f8e2bda66 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-28fa326f3f2c142f

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:         1;
  1:         3,          4;
  2:        15,         39,          25;
  3:       105,        402,         507,         211;
  4:       945,       4755,        8880,        7305,         2236;
  5:     10395,      64620,      159210,      194565,       118050,        28471;
  6:    135135,     998235,     3046995,     4924290,      4447695,      2130198,       422899;
  7:   2027025,   17323110,    62966925,   126303975,    151106865,    107889600,     42589449,     7173580;
  8:  34459425,  334113255,  1407382830,  3366644715,   5005577115,   4739385735,   2791918332,   935944047,   136750051;
  9: 654729075, 7095778200, 33956949600, 94245516225, 167283581535, 197023576365, 154042136010, 77122427985, 22442959935, 2893057381;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+x)*P(n,x) = (2*n+1+(3*n+4)*x+4*x^2-(n-1)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + (x+3*x^2+3*x^3+x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((2*n + 1 + (3*n + 4)*x + 4*x^2 - (n - 1)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + (x + 3*x^2 + 3*x^3 + x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((2*n + 1 + (3*n + 4)*x + 4*x^2 - (n - 1)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + (x + 3*x^2 + 3*x^3 + x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Proof chains ? JSON

References

  1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  4. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  5. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.