A062264 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−1, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(4\,n + 8\,n x + 4\,n x^{2} + n^{2} + 2\,n^{2} x + n^{2} x^{2}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(16\,x + 32\,x^{2} + 16\,x^{3} + 4\,n + 20\,n x + 28\,n x^{2} + 12\,n x^{3} + n^{2} + 4\,n^{2} x + 5\,n^{2} x^{2} + 2\,n^{2} x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(4\,x + 12\,x^{2} + 12\,x^{3} + 4\,x^{4} + 2\,n x + 6\,n x^{2} + 6\,n x^{3} + 2\,n x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7Pn(1)
011
1167
21142843
3124108120253
41362706604951462
51505502200357520028378
616699057201501518018800847818
718416381274047775917288663231824272422

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-98f8cf8c446dcc87 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-0e61d18a7a9911bc

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0: 1;
  1: 1,   6;
  2: 1,  14,   28;
  3: 1,  24,  108,   120;
  4: 1,  36,  270,   660,    495;
  5: 1,  50,  550,  2200,   3575,    2002;
  6: 1,  66,  990,  5720,  15015,   18018,    8008;
  7: 1,  84, 1638, 12740,  47775,   91728,   86632,   31824;
  8: 1, 104, 2548, 25480, 127400,  346528,  519792,  403104,  125970;
  9: 1, 126, 3780, 47040, 299880, 1079568, 2279088, 2790720, 1831410, 497420;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (n^2+4*n+(2*n^2+8*n)*x+(n^2+4*n)*x^2)*P(n,x) = (n^2+4*n+(4*n^2+20*n+16)*x+(5*n^2+28*n+32)*x^2+(2*n^2+12*n+16)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + ((2*n+4)*x+(6*n+12)*x^2+(6*n+12)*x^3+(2*n+4)*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n^2 + 4*n + (4*n^2 + 20*n + 16)*x + (5*n^2 + 28*n + 32)*x^2 + (2*n^2 + 12*n + 16)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + ((2*n + 4)*x + (6*n + 12)*x^2 + (6*n + 12)*x^3 + (2*n + 4)*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n^2 + 4*n + (2*n^2 + 8*n)*x + (n^2 + 4*n)*x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((n^2 + 4*n + (4*n^2 + 20*n + 16)*x + (5*n^2 + 28*n + 32)*x^2 + (2*n^2 + 12*n + 16)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + ((2*n + 4)*x + (6*n + 12)*x^2 + (6*n + 12)*x^3 + (2*n + 4)*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n^2 + 4*n + (2*n^2 + 8*n)*x + (n^2 + 4*n)*x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-cfe6f0bc80bb6e33
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-cfe6f0bc80bb6e33
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-cfe6f0bc80bb6e33

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003