A038271 → basis A013611 → (θ+1)²

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Submission text ?

Triangle begins:
  0:          1;
  1:         12,           80;
  2:        144,         1920,          3600;
  3:       1728,        34560,        129600,         128000;
  4:      20736,       552960,       3110400,        6144000,         4000000;
  5:     248832,      8294400,      62208000,      184320000,       240000000,       115200000;
  6:    2985984,    119439360,    1119744000,     4423680000,      8640000000,      8294400000,      3136000000;
  7:   35831808,   1672151040,   18811699200,    92897280000,    241920000000,    348364800000,    263424000000,     81920000000;
  8:  429981696,  22932357120,  300987187200,  1783627776000,   5806080000000,  11147673600000,  12644352000000,   7864320000000,   2073600000000;
  9: 5159780352, 309586821120, 4643802316800, 32105299968000, 125411328000000, 300987187200000, 455196672000000, 424673280000000, 223948800000000, 51200000000000;

The row polynomials satisfy (9+(45*n-15)*x+25*n^2*x^2)*P(n,x) = (108+(540*n+540)*x+(300*n^2+1500*n+900)*x^2+(500*n^2+1000*n+500)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((108 + (540*n + 540)*x + (300*n^2 + 1500*n + 900)*x^2 + (500*n^2 + 1000*n + 500)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x])/(9 + (45*n - 15)*x + 25*n^2*x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((108 + (540*n + 540)*x + (300*n^2 + 1500*n + 900)*x^2 + (500*n^2 + 1000*n + 500)*x^3)*v[i - 1])/(9 + (45*n - 15)*x + 25*n^2*x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Properties

• Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
  by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
  derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
• Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
  by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences

Proof chains ? JSON

• Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›

  • from basis_map_A013611 of Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*7^(i-j)*5^j.?
    • Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›

      • from Triangle whose (i,j)-th entry is binomial(i,j)*7^(i-j)*5^j.?
        • Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
        • Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
        • Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
        • Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

• A013612 → basis A013609 → (θ+1)²
• A013622 → (θ+1)²

References

1. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
2. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
3. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
4. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.