A178822 → θ+1
nonnegative coefficients only rational roots
Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, 0] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 6 | 12 | 18 | ||||||
| 2 | 21 | 84 | 63 | 168 | |||||
| 3 | 56 | 336 | 504 | 224 | 1120 | ||||
| 4 | 126 | 1008 | 2268 | 2016 | 630 | 6048 | |||
| 5 | 252 | 2520 | 7560 | 10080 | 6300 | 1512 | 28224 | ||
| 6 | 462 | 5544 | 20790 | 36960 | 34650 | 16632 | 3234 | 118272 | |
| 7 | 792 | 11088 | 49896 | 110880 | 138600 | 99792 | 38808 | 6336 | 456192 |
Computed in your browser ?
Technical details
- Node id
n-924179b433840212· revision 1 · JSON- Definition source
derived:theta_plus_one- Fingerprint
f6-e99c3824c4864868
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): yes
OEIS matches ?
No OEIS matches.
OEIS submission text ?
Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula
%F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows.
For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched;
the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a
finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.
The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 1; 1: 6, 12; 2: 21, 84, 63; 3: 56, 336, 504, 224; 4: 126, 1008, 2268, 2016, 630; 5: 252, 2520, 7560, 10080, 6300, 1512; 6: 462, 5544, 20790, 36960, 34650, 16632, 3234; 7: 792, 11088, 49896, 110880, 138600, 99792, 38808, 6336; 8: 1287, 20592, 108108, 288288, 450450, 432432, 252252, 82368, 11583; 9: 2002, 36036, 216216, 672672, 1261260, 1513512, 1177176, 576576, 162162, 20020;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy (n+n^2*x)*P(n,x) = (n+5+(n^2+7*n+10)*x+(n^2+6*n+5)*x^2)*P(n-1,x) for n >= 1, with P(0,x) = 1.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((n + 5 + (n^2 + 7*n + 10)*x + (n^2 + 6*n + 5)*x^2)*P[n - 1, x])/(n + n^2*x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 1, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((n + 5 + (n^2 + 7*n + 10)*x + (n^2 + 6*n + 5)*x^2)*v[i - 1])/(n + n^2*x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)Generated with polytool c48629374597.
Proved properties
-
Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.by the cited steps:
e-d8e82314ed3cc2a2 -
Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-d8e82314ed3cc2a2 -
Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem:
e-d8e82314ed3cc2a2 -
Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.by the cited steps:
e-d8e82314ed3cc2a2
Proof chains
1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON
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preserver_image euler_polynomial, shift 0
e-d8e82314ed3cc2a2Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 40] polytool ?
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premise (sequence):
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+5,5) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
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theorem_check liu_wang
e-548a05679c99d179root: theorem checkLiu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ?
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preserver_image reversal, shift 0
e-0d5dad6bd99a01a4Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ?
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+5,5) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.
uses: Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+5,5) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.
-
-
premise (sequence):
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+5,5) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.
Related sequences ?
Same fingerprint (27)
Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.
- A028326 → D+1
- A007318 → D → θ+1
- A085880 → θ+1
- basis-map coefficients of A113214, shifted → D+1
- A178820 → θ+1
- A178820 → D+1
- A028326 → θ+1
- A007318 → ×(1+2n+n²) → D+1
- A178821 → D+1
- A135838 → D+1
- A093375: Array T(m,n) read by ascending antidiagonals: T(m,n) = m*binomial(n+m-2, n-1) for m, n >= 1.
- A007318 → ×(1+(3/2)n+(1/2)n²) → θ+1
- A007318 → ×(1+(3/2)n+(1/2)n²) → D+1
- A007318 → ×(−(1/2)n+(1/2)n²) → D+1
- A178822 → D+1
- A038208 → θ+1
- A007318 → ×(1+2n+n²) → θ+1
- A007318 → D → D+1
- basis-map coefficients of A113214, shifted → θ+1
- A007318 → ×(−(1/2)n+(1/2)n²) → θ+1
- A135838 → θ+1
- A344565 → θ+1
- A038208 → D+1
- A344565 → D+1
- A178821 → θ+1
- A103406: Triangle read by rows: n-th row = unsigned coefficients of the characteristic polynomials of an n X n matrix w…
- A085880 → D+1
References
- [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
- [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.