A290319 → basis A013611 → (θ+1)²

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one sign Hadamard kernel interlacing (weak)

Recurrence

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-36 + 96\,x + 144\,x^{2} + 48\,n - 64\,n x - 16\,n^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(-96\,x^{2} + 64\,x^{3} + 64\,n x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-2}'(x) + \left(-8 + 16\,x + 8\,n\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-16\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)

\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)

\(P_{1}(x) = 2 + 16\,x\)

Rows ?

n	x⁰	x¹	x²	x³	x⁴	x⁵	x⁶	x⁷	P_n(1)
0	1								1
1	2	16							18
2	12	128	144						284
3	120	1472	2592	1024					5208
4	1680	22528	49536	32768	6400				112912
5	30240	432384	1094400	942080	320000	36864			2855968
6	665280	9996288	27968256	28508160	12928000	2654208	200704		82920896
7	17297280	270547968	817141248	940097536	514304000	143474688	19668992	1048576	2723580288

All 15 rows

Technical details

Node id: n-8de1057375135d7a · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source: derived:theta_plus_one_squared
Fingerprint: f6-aed83f03f3b18f2e

Observed on the stored rows ?

Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
Palindromic rows: no
γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x

%e Example

Triangle begins:
  0:           1;
  1:           2,           16;
  2:          12,          128,          144;
  3:         120,         1472,         2592,          1024;
  4:        1680,        22528,        49536,         32768,         6400;
  5:       30240,       432384,      1094400,        942080,       320000,        36864;
  6:      665280,      9996288,     27968256,      28508160,     12928000,      2654208,      200704;
  7:    17297280,    270547968,    817141248,     940097536,    514304000,    143474688,    19668992,     1048576;
  8:   518918400,   8393195520,  26949169152,   34013708288,  21304729600,   7266631680,  1371209728,   134217728,   5308416;
  9: 17643225600, 293671342080, 991810510848, 1348104617984, 936946483200, 369780719616, 86183903232, 11727273984, 859963392, 26214400;

%F Formula

The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = -(16*n^2-48*n+36+(64*n-96)*x-144*x^2)*P(n-2,x) + ((64*n-96)*x^2+64*x^3)*d/dx P(n-2,x) + (8*n-8+16*x)*P(n-1,x) - 16*x^2*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 2 + 16*x.

%t Mathematica

P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 2 + 16*x;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[-(16*n^2 - 48*n + 36 + (64*n - 96)*x - 144*x^2)*P[n - 2, x] + ((64*n - 96)*x^2 + 64*x^3)*D[P[n - 2, x], x] + (8*n - 8 + 16*x)*P[n - 1, x] - 16*x^2*D[P[n - 1, x], x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten

%o PARI/GP

P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 2 + 16*x; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = -(16*n^2 - 48*n + 36 + (64*n - 96)*x - 144*x^2)*v[i - 2] + ((64*n - 96)*x^2 + 64*x^3)*deriv(v[i - 2], x) + (8*n - 8 + 16*x)*v[i - 1] - 16*x^2*deriv(v[i - 1], x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
Interlacing of consecutive rows? Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m ≥ 1
by Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences

Proof chains ? JSON

Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›
- from basis_map_A013611 of Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A …?
  - Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›
    
    from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
    
    Liu–Wang theorem [LW07, Thm 2.1, Cor 2.4] ? step › direct check
    
    Parent-row provers of polytool polytool ? step › direct check
    
    Iterated real-rootedness preservers [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601; Bra06, Cor 3.5] polytool ? step › direct check
  - Geometric basis map (elementary) polytool ? step ›
    
    from Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*x)^(-1/4), (-1/4)*log(1 - 4*x)). A generalized Stirling1…?
    
    ↑ Liu–Wang theorem (above)
    
    ↑ Parent-row provers of polytool (above)
    
    ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)

Related ?

Same fingerprint ?

References

[Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
[Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
[LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
[SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.