A178820 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
nonnegative coefficients
Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel
Recurrence
\(\left(-4\,n + 4\,n x + 4\,n^{2} - 22\,n^{2} x + 28\,n^{3} x - n^{3} x^{2} - 10\,n^{4} x + 3\,n^{4} x^{2} - 3\,n^{5} x^{2} + n^{6} x^{2}\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(-96\,x - 48\,x^{2} + 12\,n + 4\,n x + 20\,n x^{2} + 4\,n^{2} + 66\,n^{2} x + 114\,n^{2} x^{2} - 6\,n^{2} x^{3} - 12\,n^{3} x - 17\,n^{3} x^{2} - 11\,n^{3} x^{3} - 10\,n^{4} x - 23\,n^{4} x^{2} - 3\,n^{4} x^{3} + n^{5} x^{2} + 3\,n^{5} x^{3} + n^{6} x^{2} + n^{6} x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(24\,x - 24\,x^{3} + 8\,n x - 12\,n x^{2} + 4\,n x^{3} - 64\,n^{2} x^{2} + 70\,n^{2} x^{3} - 6\,n^{2} x^{4} - 20\,n^{3} x^{2} + 34\,n^{3} x^{3} - 14\,n^{3} x^{4} + 10\,n^{4} x^{3} - 10\,n^{4} x^{4} + 2\,n^{5} x^{3} - 2\,n^{5} x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 4\)
Rows ?
| n | x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | Pn(1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | |||||||
| 1 | 4 | 4 | ||||||
| 2 | 20 | 20 | ||||||
| 3 | 60 | 80 | 140 | |||||
| 4 | 140 | 560 | 700 | |||||
| 5 | 280 | 2240 | 504 | 3024 | ||||
| 6 | 504 | 6720 | 4536 | 11760 | ||||
| 7 | 840 | 16800 | 22680 | 1920 | 42240 | |||
| 8 | 1320 | 36960 | 83160 | 21120 | 142560 | |||
| 9 | 1980 | 73920 | 249480 | 126720 | 5500 | 457600 | ||
| 10 | 2860 | 137280 | 648648 | 549120 | 71500 | 1409408 | ||
| 11 | 4004 | 240240 | 1513512 | 1921920 | 500500 | 13104 | 4193280 | |
| 12 | 5460 | 400400 | 3243240 | 5765760 | 2502500 | 196560 | 12113920 | |
| 13 | 7280 | 640640 | 6486480 | 15375360 | 10010000 | 1572480 | 27440 | 34119680 |
| 14 | 9520 | 990080 | 12252240 | 37340160 | 34034000 | 8910720 | 466480 | 94003200 |
Compute more
?
Technical details
- Node id
n-8d0532fccf53f57d· revision 0 · JSON- Definition source
derived:theta_plus_one_squared- Fingerprint
f6-4b3b88e53403151e
Observed on the stored rows ?
- Degrees: -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6 (half affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
- Palindromic rows: no
- γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
- Nonnegative coefficients (
nonn): yes - Only rational roots (
rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no
Matches ?
No OEIS matches.
Submission text ?
Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e ExampleTriangle begins: 0: 0; 1: 4; 2: 20; 3: 60, 80; 4: 140, 560; 5: 280, 2240, 504; 6: 504, 6720, 4536; 7: 840, 16800, 22680, 1920; 8: 1320, 36960, 83160, 21120; 9: 1980, 73920, 249480, 126720, 5500;
%F FormulaThe row polynomials satisfy (4*n^2-4*n-(10*n^4-28*n^3+22*n^2-4*n)*x+(n^6-3*n^5+3*n^4-n^3)*x^2)*P(n,x) = (4*n^2+12*n-(10*n^4+12*n^3-66*n^2-4*n+96)*x+(n^6+n^5-23*n^4-17*n^3+114*n^2+20*n-48)*x^2+(n^6+3*n^5-3*n^4-11*n^3-6*n^2)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + ((8*n+24)*x-(20*n^3+64*n^2+12*n)*x^2+(2*n^5+10*n^4+34*n^3+70*n^2+4*n-24)*x^3-(2*n^5+10*n^4+14*n^3+6*n^2)*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 4.
%t MathematicaP[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 4;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((4*n^2 + 12*n - (10*n^4 + 12*n^3 - 66*n^2 - 4*n + 96)*x + (n^6 + n^5 - 23*n^4 - 17*n^3 + 114*n^2 + 20*n - 48)*x^2 + (n^6 + 3*n^5 - 3*n^4 - 11*n^3 - 6*n^2)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + ((8*n + 24)*x - (20*n^3 + 64*n^2 + 12*n)*x^2 + (2*n^5 + 10*n^4 + 34*n^3 + 70*n^2 + 4*n - 24)*x^3 - (2*n^5 + 10*n^4 + 14*n^3 + 6*n^2)*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(4*n^2 - 4*n - (10*n^4 - 28*n^3 + 22*n^2 - 4*n)*x + (n^6 - 3*n^5 + 3*n^4 - n^3)*x^2)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten%o PARI/GPP(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 4; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((4*n^2 + 12*n - (10*n^4 + 12*n^3 - 66*n^2 - 4*n + 96)*x + (n^6 + n^5 - 23*n^4 - 17*n^3 + 114*n^2 + 20*n - 48)*x^2 + (n^6 + 3*n^5 - 3*n^4 - 11*n^3 - 6*n^2)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + ((8*n + 24)*x - (20*n^3 + 64*n^2 + 12*n)*x^2 + (2*n^5 + 10*n^4 + 34*n^3 + 70*n^2 + 4*n - 24)*x^3 - (2*n^5 + 10*n^4 + 14*n^3 + 6*n^2)*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(4*n^2 - 4*n - (10*n^4 - 28*n^3 + 22*n^2 - 4*n)*x + (n^6 - 3*n^5 + 3*n^4 - n^3)*x^2)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)polytool c48629374597
Properties
- Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
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Coefficients of one sign?
Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
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Hadamard kernel (Malo)?
Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
derived from Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences
Proof chains ? JSON
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Laguerre’s theorem on multiplier sequences [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool ? step ›
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from
veronese_section_2_1 of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+3,3) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
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Veronese sections of Pólya frequency sequences [ASW52; Edr53; AW24] polytool ? step ›
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from
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+3,3) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
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Row-hypergeometric rows (multiplier sequences) [SP14; Bra15, Thm 7.1 of arXiv:1410.6601] polytool RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_eval_of_roots_nonpos RealRooted RealRooted.isPFMultiplierSequence_inv_ascPochhammer RealRooted RealRooted.IsPFMultiplierSequence.mul ? step › direct check
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Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) polytool ? step ›
- ↑ Affine, reversal and Möbius substitutions (elementary) (above)
- ↑ Iterated real-rootedness preservers (above)
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from
Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+3,3) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
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from
veronese_section_2_1 of Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = C(n+3,3) * C(n,k), 0 <= k <= n.?
Related ?
Same fingerprint ?
- A178822 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
- A007318 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
- A178821 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
- basis-map coefficients of A113214, shifted → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
- A028326 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
- A103406 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → θ+1
- A034867 → (θ+1)²
- A038208 → Veronese 2 (j=1) → (θ+1)²
References
- [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
- [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
- [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
- [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
- [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
- [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
- [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.