A039755 → x ↦ x/(x+1)

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in [−1, 0] · coefficients of one sign · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(\left(1 + x\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(1 + 7\,x + 10\,x^{2} + 4\,x^{3} - 2\,n x - 4\,n x^{2} - 2\,n x^{3}\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(2\,x + 6\,x^{2} + 6\,x^{3} + 2\,x^{4}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13x14Pn(1)
111
2123
316613
4116382479
5144184256116601
61126824189618446485339
713703606122641923614296408853861
811100157987493616880419908811916028640607527
9132887017644816013612562265696212896010631682199207560625
1019850317984267003210512872231635683038060823642944101071521832224102637235
1112953414717021598875279483944222758864382473456412380480273253264101954912164301761506225085
1218858469450149667263259587575220675370884463865328625295929657093226403288406144108720905615755404823726435583
1312657323330770459159657644644904601881264284849687988736868394056961024435059688096791404841189952640122142996481606879040398852249097
1417971741617553203669022072335982943001695033902005368867205121138590063040166632017080016944313696321178991754368536540555136144126757696173502557447120170905995
15123914987928330942307593720825479776679615223704963605696744508456143667967024002536538906859231861676632928284288015693121764884988096072600295189121781336869248197553645440134408217821205

Generated b-files: A355165 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Technical details
Node id
n-8c58f795ab804834 · revision 1 · JSON
Definition source
derived:mobius_x_over_x_plus_one
Fingerprint
f6-078627b5c58f7a3e

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 1, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
   1: 1;
   2: 1,    2;
   3: 1,    6,      6;
   4: 1,   16,     38,      24;
   5: 1,   44,    184,     256,      116;
   6: 1,  126,    824,    1896,     1844,      648;
   7: 1,  370,   3606,   12264,    19236,    14296,     4088;
   8: 1, 1100,  15798,   74936,   168804,   199088,   119160,    28640;
   9: 1, 3288,  70176,  448160,  1361256,  2265696,  2128960,  1063168,   219920;
  10: 1, 9850, 317984, 2670032, 10512872, 23163568, 30380608, 23642944, 10107152, 1832224;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (1+x)*P(n,x) = (1-(2*n-7)*x-(4*n-10)*x^2-(2*n-4)*x^3)*P(n-1,x) + (2*x+6*x^2+6*x^3+2*x^4)*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((1 - (2*n - 7)*x - (4*n - 10)*x^2 - (2*n - 4)*x^3)*P[n - 1, x] + (2*x + 6*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 2*x^4)*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(1 + x)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N)); v[1] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n); v[i] = ((1 - (2*n - 7)*x - (4*n - 10)*x^2 - (2*n - 4)*x^3)*v[i - 1] + (2*x + 6*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 2*x^4)*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(1 + x)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i, v[i])))};
T(10)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 1, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in [-1, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-a5b6b9e544860989
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 1: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a5b6b9e544860989
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 1, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-a5b6b9e544860989

Proof chains

1 incoming proof step. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

Same fingerprint (1)

Equal up to content, sign, reversal and a small index shift.

References

  1. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003