A059344 → basis A007318

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n: all roots real, in (−∞, −1] · coefficients of one sign · interlacing (weak) · Hadamard kernel what this means

Recurrence
\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-2 - 2\,x + 2\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-2}(x) + \left(1\right)\,P_{n-1}(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 1\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3Pn(1)
011
111
2325
37613
425361273
58114060281
63317505401201741
71303340229408408485

Generated b-files: A115329 (row sums) ?

Computed in your browser ?

Other recurrences

X ↦ x+1 substitution · proved equal for all n (proof step)

\(P_{n}(x) = \left(-1 - 2\,x + 2\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(-4 - 8\,x - 4\,x^{2}\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 1\)
Technical details
Node id
n-87f3394ac59b064b · revision 2 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A007318
derived:shift_x_plus_one (equal by e-055d99ce12fc8cc0)
Fingerprint
f6-1fe6c7d096efe9fb

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 (half affine: slope 1, intercept 0)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

OEIS matches ?

A generated b-file is computed from the node's definition along the row alignment of its OEIS link and starts at the entry's offset. It is an identification on a finite prefix, not a proof that the node and the OEIS entry agree for every n.

OEIS submission text ?

Fields to paste into an OEIS submission: the example %e, the formula %F and programs %t (Mathematica) and %o (PARI/GP) that list the same rows. For an OEIS link the row numbers, the offset and the orientation are those of the entry, as matched; the matched terms were compared with the published ones, which identifies the node with the entry on a finite prefix, not for every n. The PARI/GP program is not machine-checked here.

The atlas's own rows: n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:     1;
  1:     1;
  2:     3,     2;
  3:     7,     6;
  4:    25,    36,     12;
  5:    81,   140,     60;
  6:   331,   750,    540,   120;
  7:  1303,  3402,   2940,   840;
  8:  5937, 18536,  21000, 10080,  1680;
  9: 26785, 93816, 122472, 70560, 15120;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy P(n,x) = (2*n-2+(2*n-2)*x)*P(n-2,x) + P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 1, P(1,x) = 1.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 1;
P[1, x_] := 1;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[(2*n - 2 + (2*n - 2)*x)*P[n - 2, x] + P[n - 1, x]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 1; v[2] = 1; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = (2*n - 2 + (2*n - 2)*x)*v[i - 2] + v[i - 1]); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

Generated with polytool c48629374597.

Proved properties

  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, 0]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-6629899d205ea17b
  • Coefficients of one sign. Every nonzero row, n >= 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    All coefficients of each polynomial have the same sign (after x -> -x when alternating).
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-6629899d205ea17b, e-ca410796a0fdf43b
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo). Rows P_n, n >= 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    Multiplying the coefficients of any real-rooted polynomial termwise by those of a row (Hadamard product) gives a real-rooted polynomial again.
    derived from the cited steps by a stated theorem: e-6629899d205ea17b, e-ca410796a0fdf43b
  • Interlacing of consecutive rows. Rows P_(m-1), P_m interlace (weak, unordered) for every m >= 1
    The roots of consecutive polynomials alternate on the real line.
    by the cited steps: e-6629899d205ea17b
  • Real-rooted. Every row P_n, n >= 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (-inf, -1]
    Every polynomial of the sequence has only real roots, inside the stated interval.
    by the cited steps: e-ca410796a0fdf43b

Proof chains

3 incoming proof steps. Each step is expanded back to the roots of the proof DAG, the theorem checks of a node's own rule. JSON

No candidate equalities or related sequences.