Real-rooted atlas

A013609 → D → basis A008277

nonnegative coefficients

Proved for all n all roots real, in (−∞, 0]coefficients of one signHadamard kernel

Recurrence

\(\left(-1 + n\right)\,P_{n}(x) = \left(3\,n + 2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}(x) + \left(2\,n x\right)\,P_{n-1}'(x)\)
\(P_{0}(x) = 0\)
\(P_{1}(x) = 2\)

Rows ?

nx0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11x12x13Pn(1)
00
122
212820
3549624174
4216784480641544
581054406160192016014490
629163458464800355206720384144924
710206208544609896524160169120215048961544326
834992121500853558406785408332416070604864512204817488016
911809869131524491100880752896564036481780531226772481843204608209770290
1039366038668840364670400907331200868828800382529280841881609431040506880102402656558500
1112990782135446722893033528978485376012508957120738159206422306690563615744003134208013516802252835408239966
1242515281167623472225581716801023815464321714562572801319766666245260714905611572475904143852544099348480351436849152495265579416
13138174666333838784173595986096104709611635222650137498562230159945728114081561651232710858752054683346432537698304030282137689456641064967250509861322
144464104434135046456132228877872010522676790080290869852873603610073039372823231981380608844574469939218234469693442393820549121908184678489307545622364160229376110827413557420
Technical details
Node id
n-84c3b1d2f94c6d82 · revision 0 · JSON
Definition source
derived:basis_map_A008277
Fingerprint
f6-5162632e955115eb

Observed on the stored rows ?

  • Degrees: -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (affine: slope 1, intercept -1)
  • Palindromic rows: no
  • γ-positive (gamma_positive): no
  • Nonnegative coefficients (nonn): yes
  • Only rational roots (rr_by_factors: every nonzero row is a product of linear factors over ℚ): no

Matches ?

No OEIS matches.

Submission text ?

Atlas rows n = 0, …, ascending powers of x
%e Example
Triangle begins:
  0:      0;
  1:      2;
  2:     12,       8;
  3:     54,      96,       24;
  4:    216,     784,      480,       64;
  5:    810,    5440,     6160,     1920,      160;
  6:   2916,   34584,    64800,    35520,     6720,      384;
  7:  10206,  208544,   609896,   524160,   169120,    21504,     896;
  8:  34992, 1215008,  5355840,  6785408,  3324160,   706048,   64512,   2048;
  9: 118098, 6913152, 44911008, 80752896, 56403648, 17805312, 2677248, 184320, 4608;
%F Formula
The row polynomials satisfy (n-1)*P(n,x) = (3*n+2*n*x)*P(n-1,x) + 2*n*x*d/dx P(n-1,x) for n >= 2, with P(0,x) = 0, P(1,x) = 2.
%t Mathematica
P[0, x_] := 0;
P[1, x_] := 2;
P[n_, x_] := P[n, x] = Expand[Together[((3*n + 2*n*x)*P[n - 1, x] + 2*n*x*D[P[n - 1, x], x])/(n - 1)]];
Table[CoefficientList[P[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten
%o PARI/GP
P(N) = {my(v = vector(N + 1)); v[1] = 0; v[2] = 2; for(n = 2, N, my(i = n + 1); v[i] = ((3*n + 2*n*x)*v[i - 1] + 2*n*x*deriv(v[i - 1], x))/(n - 1)); v};
row(n, p) = {my(c = Vecrev(p)); c};
T(N) = {my(v = P(N)); concat(vector(#v, i, row(i - 1, v[i])))};
T(9)

polytool c48629374597

Properties

  • Real-rooted? Every row P_n, n ≥ 0, is zero or real-rooted with all roots in (−∞, 0]
    by Ray basis map theorem
  • Coefficients of one sign? Every nonzero row, n ≥ 0: the coefficients of P_n have one sign
    derived from Ray basis map theorem
  • Hadamard kernel (Malo)? Rows P_n, n ≥ 0, are Hadamard kernels (preserve real-rootedness)
    derived from Ray basis map theorem

Proof chains ? JSON

Same fingerprint ?

References

  1. [ASW52] Michael Aissen, I. J. Schoenberg and A. M. Whitney. On the generating functions of totally positive sequences I. Journal d’Analyse Mathématique, 2(1):93–103, 1952. doi:10.1007/BF02786970
  2. [AW24] Christos A. Athanasiadis and David G. Wagner. Veronese sections and interlacing matrices of polynomials and formal power series. arXiv:2404.12989. arXiv
  3. [Bra06] Petter Brändén. On linear transformations preserving the Pólya frequency property. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 358(8):3697–3716, February 2006. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-06-03856-6
  4. [Bra15] Petter Brändén. Unimodality, log-concavity, real-rootedness and beyond. Handbook of enumerative combinatorics, :437–483, March 2015. doi:10.1201/b18255-10
  5. [Edr53] Albert Edrei. Proof of a Conjecture of Schoenberg on the Generating Function of a Totally Positive Sequence. Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 5:86–94, 1953. doi:10.4153/CJM-1953-010-3
  6. [LW07] Lily L. Liu and Yi Wang. A unified approach to polynomial sequences with only real zeros. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 38(4):542–560, May 2007. doi:10.1016/j.aam.2006.02.003
  7. [MW08] Shi-Mei Ma and Yi Wang. q-Eulerian polynomials and polynomials with only real zeros. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 15(1):Research Paper 17, January 2008. doi:10.37236/741
  8. [SP14] J Schur and G Polya. Über zwei Arten von Faktorenfolgen in der Theorie der algebraischen Gleichungen. J. Reine Angew. Math., 1914.